Connective Tissue Flashcards by ava mondschein

connective tissue is a diverse group of _______ within a ______

cells, extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the resident cells of the connective tissue always _______ in the connective tissue while wandering cells tend to ______

stay, come and go

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

connective tissue has the main functions of ______, _______, ______

support, defense, nutrition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

connective tissue supports the tissue by supporting and providing ______

connections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the connective tissue provides defense by being the site of _______ and _________, and providing a physical ______

inflammatory, immune reactions, barrier

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the connective tissue provides nutrition by being a reservoir for ______ and _______, storing energy in the form of _______, supporting ______, and providing a passage way for _______ and _______

water, electrolytes, triglycerides, blood vessels, nutrients, gases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the embryonic connective tissue is found in the ______ of a fetus and ______ after birth

umbilical cord, disappears

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

loose (areolar) connective tissue is made of ______, _______, and ______

cells, ground state, fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the loose (areolar) connective tissue supports the ______, surrounds ________, and fills spaces between ______

epithelial tissue, blood vessels, muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the loose (areolar) connective tissue allows for _______ of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste, causes _______ and ________ reactions, and provides structural ______

diffusion, inflammatory, immune, support

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the lamina propria is always ________

loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense connective tissue has a prominent amount of ______ and little ______ and _____

fibers, ground substances, cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense connective tissue has two types called _____ and _____

regular, irregular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense regular connective tissue has its fibers arranged in orderly ________ bundles

parallel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense irregular tissue has its fibers arranged _________

randomly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense regular ct is found in the _______, _______, and _______

tendons, ligaments, corneas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense regular ct functions include transmitting the force of ________, attach ______ to ______ and provides _______

muscle contractions, muscles, bones, protection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense irregular connective tissue is found in the ______ and ______

skin, GI tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense irregular ct provides tensile ______ and ______

strength, protection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the fibers in the connective tissue include _______ and _______ fibers

elastic, collagen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the collagen fiber system includes _______ fibers and _______ fiber

collagen, reticular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

collagen fibers are the most abundant type are flexible yet have high ________, are ______ in structure and have variability in ______

tensile strength, wavy, width

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

collagen is synthesized by the hydroxylation of ______ and _____ which is dependent on _______

proline, lysine, vitamin C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pro-collagen molecules are synthesized and sent to the _____ where they are used to synthesize collagen outside the cell

golgi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

______ synthesize a majority of the collagen

fibroblasts

vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a required cofactor for the addition of ______ groups to proline and lysine residues

hydroxyl

a deficiency of water soluble vitamin c leads to the development of ______, which causes bone diseases and healing defects

scurvy

pro-collagen molecules overlap and form collagen ______, which bundle together to form a collagen _______

fibrils, fiber

reticular fibers are very fine _______ collagen fibers that form a _______ network rather than a thick bundle for support

type III , three dimensional

reticular fibers are produced by reticular cells and support ________ (bone marrow) and _______

hematopoietic, lymphoid organs

reticular fibers are stained with ______ due to the high concentration of _______

silver salts, sugar chains

type I collagen is found in the ______, ______, ________, and _______ due to its resistance to tension

dermis, tendon, bone, fibrocartilage

type II collagen is found in the ________ and ________ due to its resistance to pressure

hyaline cartilage , intervertebral disc

type III collagen is found in the ________ for maintenance of expansible organs

reticular connective tissue

type IV collagen is found in the ______ where it supports delicate structures and filtration

basal lamina

_______ are responsible for elasticity, resilience and shape control and allows tissues to respond to stress and distension

elastic fibers

elastic fibers are typically thinner than collagen fibers and are synthesized by _______, _______ and _______

fibroblasts (skin and tendons), chondroblasts (elastic cartilage), smooth muscle (in blood vessels)

elastic fibers consist of a core of the protein ______

elastin

osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by a defect in collagen synthesis, most frequently ______, which causes _______

type I, bone defects

_______ is a defect in collagen synthesis which causes fragile, hyper extensible skin, hypermobile joints, and wound healing is poor

ehlers-danlos syndromes

_______ is caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene resulting in a lack of resistance in tissues rich in elastic fibers

marfan syndrome

_______ can cause tall stature, long fingers, mitral valve prolapse, bilateral subluxation of lens, aortic aneurysm and aortic distension

marfan syndrome

ground substance is colorless, has high _____ content, and fills the _____ between cells and fibers

water, spaces

the functions of ground substance include ______, ______ of water soluble molecules, _________ cells through cell-ECM adhesion, binds and retains ________, and transmits _______

lubrication, diffusion, anchors, growth factors, information

the three types of ground substances include _________, _________ and ________

glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

examples of glycosaminoglycans include ________, ________, and _______

dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid

examples of proteoglycans include ______ and ______

aggrecan, syndecan

examples of glycoproteins include _______, ________, and _______

integrin, fibronetic, laminin

dermatan sulfate helps mediate _________(fibrosis)

wound repair

keratan sulfate is related to cell _______, axonal _______, and embryo ______-

motility, guidance, implantation

hyaluronic acid is a major component of mucus connective tissue in the _______, and is a major component in _______

umbilical cord, cartilage

aggrecan is related to hydration of the ______

ECM

syndecan facilitates interactions between the proteins of _____ and the ______

ECM, actin cytoskeleton

integrin binds cells to the ______

ECM

fibronectin binds many _____ components and attach to _____

ECM, integrins

laminin mediates attachment to __________

basement membrane

glycosaminoglycans are ________ polysaccharide chains

unbranched

proteoglycans are large macromolecules with a ______

protein core

multiadhesive glycoproteins stabilize the _____ and link it to cell surfaces

ECM

hyaluronic acid is present as a free carbohydrate chain that is ______ covalently bound to the protein

not

proteoglycans indirectly bind to HA by __________ thereby giant aggregates

linker proteins

hyaluronic acid is found in cartilage and important in immobilizing molecules like_______

growth factors

hyaluronic acid is an effective ______, preventing diffusion through the dense network

insulator

the proteoglycan aggregate is extremely _______

hydrophillic

multi adhesive glycoproteins facilitate attachment between the _____ and ______ elements or the connective tissue elements to connective tissue elements

cell, connective tissue

the two enzymes that help break down the extracellular matrix include ______ and __________

hyaluronidases, matrix metalloproteinases

hyaluronidases are enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid and lower the ______ of the connective tissue which increases tissue ______

viscosity, permeability

hyaluronidases are important in _____ delivery, bacterial _____ and the metastatic potential of ______

drug, infections, tumors

matrix metalloproteinases are important in tissue _______ and degradation of the ________

remodeling, extracellular matrix

tumor invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis require the participation of _________ whos expression increases in association with tumorigenesis

matrix metalloproteinases

fibroblasts synthesis precursors of _______ like collagen and elastic fibers

ground substances

_______ are the most common cell type, rarely divide but are capable in response to injury or inflammation

fibroblasts

specialized fibroblasts are called _______

myofibroblasts

active fibroblasts have large, _______ nuclei while inactive fibroblasts are smaller with more _______ nuclei

euchromatic, heterochromatic

macrophages are phagocytic meaning they contain _______ and _______ and they contain many phagocytic vesicles for storage of ingested material

lysosomes, residual bodies

macrophages initiate the ______ response that releases cytokines, and presents antigens to _______

immune, lymphocytes

macrophages secrete ______

hydrolytic enzymes

mast cells arise from _______ in the bone marrow

multipotent hematopoietic stem cells

mast cells are oval to round cells with microvilli with the nucleus being centrally located and expressing _______

IgE receptors

mast cells have a cytoplasm filled with secretory granules containing ______, _______, ________ mediators and _______ factors

heprin, histamine, vasoactive, chemotactic

adipose tissue is specialized connective tissue that functions as a depot for ______, fills spaces between _______, secretes ______ and _______ substances

triglycerides, tissues, paracrine, endocrine

adipose tissue insulates the body against _______, and provides a ______ for certain anatomical parts behaving as shock absorbers

heat loss, cushion

adipocytes are resident cells in connective tissue and there are two types called _________ and _________

unilocular/white, multilocular/brown

unilocular/white adipocytes function as metabolic energy _______, ______, ________, and hormone ________

stores, insulators, cushioners, producers

multilocular/brown adipocytes function in ______ production (thermogenesis)

heat

unilocular adipocytes contain one large _______ and secrete ________ that surround the adipocyte

lipid droplet, reticular fibers

multilocular adipocytes are present at fetal life for the first decade after birth, contain ______ lipid droplets, and have eccentric nucleus and numerous ______

multiple, mitochondria

the five wandering cells in connective tissue include ________, _________, ________, ________, and _______

esinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

plasma cells are _________-derived, _______ producing cells that are oval in shape, and contain eccentric nuclei that is _____ shaped

lymphocyte, antibody, wheel

leucocytes (WBC) travel into the connective tissue via ______ which increases during _______

diapedesis, inflammation

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(90 cards)