what must the aircraft and pilot be equiped with to fly in controlled airspace?
certain qualifications and aircraft must be equipped to a certain standard
what must pilots do to enter controlled airspace except when?
pilots must obtain clearance from ATC to enter and except in emergency must follow ATC instructions
what is class A airspace?
only IFR permitted and is most strictly regulated airspace. Pilots comply to ATC at all times. Aircraft seperated from all traffic and users mainly airlines or business jets
what is class C airspace?
Both IFR and VFR traffic and require clearance from ATC to enter and complience with ATC instructions is mandatory. From FL195 to FL660
what is class D airspace?
IFR and VFR allowed. Requires ATC clearance and compliance with instructions mandatory. Control areas around aerodromes are class D. 250 knot speed limit below FL100
What is class E airspace?
IFR and VFR allowed. IFR requires clearance for seperation reasons and ATC instructions mandatory. VFR does not require clearance to enter
what does Fl mean and what is it?
Flight level and is the standard pressure altitude represented by 3 digits
what is the uniform pressure setting for flight level readings and why is this used?
1013.2 hectopascals. Follows principles of international standard atmosphere to maintain consistency in altitude reporting at higher levels
what determines how controlled airspace is divided by type?
where it is and it’s function
aerodrome traffic zones (ATZs)
afford protection to aircraft within immediate vicinity of aerodromes
control zones (CTRs)
provide further protection around typically buesier aerodromes
control areas (CTAs)
situated above control zones (CTRs) protection over a large area to specified upper limit. Normally established at junction of airways in vicinity of one or more aerodrome
what are airways?
airways are corridors of airspace connecting the terminal control areas and link with airways in other countries. Normally 10 miles wide and have varying base heights extending up to aprox 24,500 feet.
what sits above airways and what are they?
upper air routes from aprox FL245. Civil and military aircraft above this subject to mandatory air traffic control service
