COPD

Question 1

Definition of COPD

Answer 1

COPD is a progressive chronic obstructive lung disease which causes an irriversable decrease in ability to force the air out of lungs. It has two main types of disease; Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

Question 2

Breif Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 2

• Affects conducting zone
• Inflammation due to inhaled irritants
• Inflammatory cells modify and damages structure of bronchial tubes
• This includes mucous glands to enlarge and modify goblet cells to secret excessive amount of mucus
• Along with inflammatory response, continuously inhaled irritants paralyze the cilia affecting mucociliary escalator
• Mucus starts to build up and plug in the modified structure of the airways
• Increase in resistance to air-flow.

Question 3

Brief pathophysiology of Emphysema

Answer 3

• Affects respiratory zone
• inhaled irritants activates the inflammatory response
• inflammatory cells such as macrophage and neutrophils damages the alveoli walls.
• (metaloproteas secreted by macrophage destroys the walls of alveoli and proteas, mainly elastase, secreted by neutrophils destruct the elastins)
• loss of elasticity and fibrosing prevents passive recoiling of alveoli walls to exhale the air.
• air is being trapped and the alveoli starts to become hyperinflated

Question 4

Whats included in conducting zone

Answer 4

trachea, Bronchi, Terminal bronchioles

Question 5

Whats included in respiratory zone

Answer 5

Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli ducts, alveoli

Question 6

Clinical diagnosis of Chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

chronic Cough and excessive mucus more than 3 month for 2 consecutive years