Deep Ocean

Question 1

Direct Wind Drag

Answer 1

Causes convergence and piling up of surface waters around the polar front

Question 2

Intermediate water

Answer 2

More dense than upper and surface water but less dense than deep sea water

Question 3

Mediterranean water

Answer 3

Has the effects of its v. high salinity offset by a high temp therefore it only has INTERMEDIATE DENSITY

Question 4

Characteristics of Mediterranean Water

Answer 4

High Salinity- 35.0-36.2%
High temperature- 8-10C

Question 5

Pacific Subarctic Intermediate Water

Question 6

Two principle original deep water masses

Answer 6

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

Question 7

North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)

Answer 7

• Formed by winter cooling of high salinity surface water in N. Atlantic
• Only moderately cold (2-5C) and highly saline (34.9%)

Question 8

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)

Answer 8

• formed by sea ice freezing and is the most widespread of all types of ocean water and is found in all ocean basins
• very cold (-2 to 1ºC) but has only moderately high salinity (34.6 to34.7‰)

Question 9

Formation of NADW

Answer 9

= a mixture from separate sources in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas and the Central Arctic

Question 10

Formation of AABW

Answer 10

Generated by the formation of sea ice . The formation of sea ice increases the salinity of the residuum

Question 11

Polynya

Answer 11

Continuing open water in a region of sea ice formation