Define “Development.”
A complex process involving a place moving forward in terms of wealth (Standard of Living) and satisfaction (Quality of Life).
What is the difference between “Standard of Living” and “Quality of Life”?
Standard of Living refers to wealth and material comfort; Quality of Life is broader, including health, family and environmental quality
Define “GNI per capita.”
Gross National Income (total money made by a country) divided by its population.
What is the specific difference between GDP and GNI?
GDP only measures money made within the country’s boundaries; GNI includes money made by the country’s companies/people abroad.
What are the three variables used to calculate the Human Development Index (HDI)?
Life expectancy, Education (years of schooling), and Income (GNI per capita).
What is the range of the HDI score?
Between 0 (low development) and 1 (highly developed).
Name one “Pro” of using GDP as an indicator.
It correlates strongly with other indicators like education and health, making it a good predictor of general life quality.
Name one “Con” of using GDP as an indicator.
It is an average that hides inequality; it doesn’t show if wealth is shared or if pollution is worsening.
Why might a country have a high GDP but a low HDI?
This suggests the country’s wealth is not being spent effectively on healthcare or education.
What is the “Development Gap”?
The inequality in levels of development between different countries or regions.
What does “NIC” stand for in development classification?
Newly Industrialized Country (e.g., Brazil, China, South Africa).
What is “Dollar Street”?
A tool (Gapminder) used to compare the everyday lives of families on different income levels globally.
Why is the “Single Story” (Chimamanda Adichie) dangerous in geography?
It creates stereotypes by showing only one side of a place (like only showing poverty in Africa), ignoring its complexity.
What is a “Composite Indicator”?
An indicator that combines several different variables into one single score (like HDI).
What are the four categories of the “Development Compass Rose”?
Natural, Economic, Social, and Who Decides (Political).
How did global development trends look in the year 1800?
Most countries were clustered in the bottom-left of the graph (low income, low life expectancy).
Give one “Pro” of measuring “Happiness” for development.
It measures actual well-being and life satisfaction rather than just material goods.
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Defining & Measuring Development17
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Factors Limiting Development10
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The Colonial Legacy of Africa11
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The Wild Continent21
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The Sahel Struggle23
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Population Trends19
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The Fundamental Processes15
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Glacial Formation & Movement15
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Climatic History & Change15
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Erosional Landforms20
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Depositional Landforms & UK Landforms20
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Map Skills & Interpretation15
