Depression

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

1. Genetic Factors
2. Neurochemical factors
3. Hormonal system
4. Environmental factors
5. Environmental

Question 2

Types of Depression (5)

Answer 2

1. Major Depressive Disorder
2. MDD with Melancholia
3. Psychotic Depression
4. Persistant depressive disorder
5. Perinatal depression

Question 3

Biogenetic Amine Hypothesis

Answer 3

Monoamines include neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline-D is caused by a deficiency in amines. Effects the adrenergic/serotoninergic pathways

Question 4

Biogenetic Amine Hypothesis Treatment

Answer 4

1. MAOI-Blocks the metabolism of noradrenaline and serotonin via inhibition of MOA
2. TCA- block the re-uptake of neurotransmitter into the neuron for the re-synthesis

Question 5

Permissive Hypothesis

Answer 5

Control of emotional behaviour results from balance between noradrenaline and serotonin. Belief that serotonin controls noradrenaline levels. Both manic phases and the depressive phases are characterised by low central serotonin function

Question 6

Hypothalamic-pituatary-adrenal system

Answer 6

Composed of noradrenergic and serotogenic systems which when activated result in depression

Question 7

Stress

Answer 7

HPA Axis stimulates to secrete corticotrophin-releasing hormone which stimulates pituitary gland to produce cortisol

Question 8

excessive stress

Answer 8

High cortisol levels damage the feedback loop that turn off the release of cortisol so HPA axis becomes overstimulated

Question 9

Brain Abnormalities

Answer 9

1. Hippocampus = loss in volume
2. Hyper intensive Lesions
3. Led to theory of Vascular depression (reduced blood flow)