Developmental Milestones

Question 1

Fields of development?

Answer 1

1. gross motor
2. vision and fine motor
3. hearing, speech and language
4. social, emotional and behavioural

Question 2

What are the primitive reflexes?

Answer 2

1. moro
2. grasp
3. rooting
4. stepping response
5. asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
6. sucking reflex

Question 3

What are the postural reflexes?

Answer 3

1. labyrinthine righting
2. postural support
3. lateral propping
4. parachute

Question 4

Moro reflex?

Answer 4

sudden extension of the head causes symmetrical extension, then flexion of the arms

Question 5

Grasp reflex?

Answer 5

flexion of fingers when an object is placed in the palm

Question 6

Rooting reflex?

Answer 6

head turns to the stimulus when touched near the mouth

Question 7

Stepping response?

Answer 7

stepping movements when held vertically and dorsum of feet touch a surface

Question 8

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?

Answer 8

lying supine, the infant adopts an outstretched arm to the side to which the head is turned

Question 9

Sucking reflex?

Answer 9

child sucks when nipple/teat place in their mouth

Question 10

Labyrinthine righting?

Answer 10

head moves in opposite direction to which the body is tilted

Question 11

Postural support?

Answer 11

when held upright legs take weight and baby may push up (bounce)

Question 12

Lateral propping?

Answer 12

in sitting the arm extends on the side to which the child falls as a saving mechanism

Question 13

Parachute?

Answer 13

when suspended face down, the baby’s arms extend as though to save himself

Question 14

Gross motor development (median ages)?

Answer 14

1. newborn
   - limbs flexed, symmetrical posture
   - marked head lag on pulling up
2. 6-8 weeks : raises head 45 degrees in prone
3. 6-8 months : sits with support
   - 6 months sits with round back
   - 8 months sits with straight back
4. 8-9 months : crawling
5. 10 months : stands independtly and cruises around furniture
6. 12 months : walks unsteadily, broad gait and hands apart
7. 15 months : walks steadily

Question 15

Vision and fine motor development? (median ages)

Answer 15

1. 6 weeks - follows moving object or face by turning head
2. 4 months - reaches out for toys
3. 4-6 months - palmar grasp
4. 7 months - transfers toys from one hand to another
5. 10 months - mature pincer grip
6. 16-18 months - makes marks with crayon
7. 2-5 years - ability to draw without seeing how it is done and can copy 6 months earlier

Question 16

Hearing, speech and language development? (median ages)

Answer 16

1. newborn - startles to loud noises
2. 3-4 months - vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs
3. 7 months - turns to soft sounds out of sight, sounds used indiscriminately
4. 10 months - sounds used discriminately
5. 12 months - 2 or 3 words other than dada or mama
6. 18 months - 6-10 words, shows 2 parts of the body
7. 20-24 months - joins 2 or more words to make simple phrases
8. 2.5-3 years - talks constantly in 3-4 word sentences