Drug Classifications

Question 1

Ipratropium bromide:

1. Therapeutic Classification(s)
2. Pharmacological Classification(s)

Unlike the medication from which it is derived (3.) (___), ipratropium bromide is unable to (4.)___. This prevents (5.)___ side effects like (6.) ___ syndrome.

Answer 1

1.

• Bronchodilator;

2.

• Vagolytic;
• Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic;
• (Non-selective, competitive) muscarinic acetycholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist;

3. Atropine;
4. Cross the blood-brain barrier;
5. Central;
6. Anticholinergic;
   * Google*

Question 2

Acetaminophen:

1. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 2

1.

• Antipyretic;
• (non-narcotic) Analgesic;

Question 3

Adenosine:

1. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 3

1.

• Antiarrhythmic (Vaugh-Williams Classification System: Class V, Miscellaneous);
• Diagnostic Aid;

Question 4

Cyanokit:

A. Generic name

B. Therapeutic Classification(s)

C. This chemical is also known as vitamin ___.

Answer 4

1. Hydroxycobalamin
2. Cyanide Antidote;
3. B_12a;

Question 5

Antinicotinics are divided into two categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and peripheral nervous systems: ___ and ___.

Answer 5

1. Ganglionic blockers;
2. Neuromuscular blockers;

Question 6

The neurotransmitter ___ is the primary endogenous _(term other than “agonist”)_ for dopamine receptors.

Answer 6

1. Dopamine;
2. Ligand;

Question 7

Lidocaine:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 7

1. Antiarrhythmic (Class IB, Sodium Channel Blocker);
2. Local Anesthetic;

Question 8

Adrenergic means “working on ___ or ___.”

Answer 8

1. Adrenaline (epinephrine);
2. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine);

Question 9

Naloxone:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 9

1. Narcotic (receptor) antagonist;

Question 10

Antipsychotics are often dopamine receptor ___ while psychostimulants are typically indirect ___ of dopamine receptors.

Answer 10

1. Antagonists;
2. Agonists;

Question 11

Aspirin:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

B. What abbreviation is commonly used to indicate aspirin, and what does it stand for?

C. Aspirin was originally derived from ___.

Answer 11

1. (Non-steroidal) Anti-inflammatory;
2. Antiplatelet;
3. Antipyretic;
4. (Non-narcotic) Analgesic;
5. ASA;
6. Acetylsalicylic acid;
7. Willow bark;

Question 12

The primary receptor at the neuromuscular junction in muscle which provides for the motor nerve-muscle communication that controls muscle contraction.

Answer 12

1. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR);

Question 13

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ___ is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In protein-_(same)_ binding, the _(same)_ is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein.

Answer 13

1. Ligand;

Question 14

Dopamine :

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

B. Pharmacological Classification(s)

C. Drug Classification(s)

Answer 14

1. Cardiac Stimulant;
2. Vasopressor (or Antihypotensive);
3. Non-selective (alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-1) Adrenergic Agonist;
4. Sympathomimetic;
5. Dopaminergic;
6. Catecholamine;

Question 15

Sodium Bicarbonate, 8.4%:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

2. Household sodium bicarbonate is more commonly known as ___.

Answer 15

1. Antacid;
2. Electrolyte replenisher;
3. Systemic alkalizer;
4. Baking soda;

Question 16

Anticholinergics are divided into two categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and peripheral nervous systems: ___ and ___.

Answer 16

1. Antimuscarinics (AKA antimuscarinic agents or muscarinic receptor antagonists [MRAs]);
2. Antinicotinics (AKA antinicotinic agents or nicotinic receptor antagonists [NRAs]);

Question 17

There are at least _(number)_ subtypes of dopamine receptors.

Answer 17

1. Five (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5; some evidence suggests the existence of possible D6 and D7 dopamine receptors);

Question 18

Calcium Chloride, 10%:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

B. Calcium chloride is used in industry as ___.

Answer 18

1. Antihypermagnesemic;
2. Antihypocalcemic;
3. Cardiotonic;
4. Antacid;
5. A variety of road salt;

Question 19

Amiodarone:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 19

1. Antiarrhythmic (Class III, Potassium Channel Blocker);

Note: Although amiodarone is considered a class III anti-arrhythmic agent, it also has class I, II, and IV actions.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20041841/

Question 20

Nitrous Oxide:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 20

1. Anesthetic;
2. Narcotic Analgesic;

Question 21

Atropine:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

B. Pharmacological Classification(s)

C. Name one source (of two listed) from whence Atropine is derived.

Answer 21

1. Antiarrhythmic (Class V, Miscellaneous);
2. Vagolytic;
3. Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic (nonselective competitive muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist);
4. Deadly Nightshade, Jimsonweed;

Question 22

Rocuronium:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

B. Pharmacological Classification(s)

Answer 22

1. Paralytic;
2. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist;
3. Anticholinergic, antinicotinic, (non-depolarizing) neuromuscular blocker;

Question 23

Diltiazem:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 23

1. Antiarrhythmic (Class IV, Calcium Channel Blocker [non-dihydropyridine]);

Question 24

Morphine:

A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 24

1. Narcotic Analgesic;

Question 25

Methylprednisolone: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Drug Classification(s)

Answer 25

1. Anti-inflammatory; 2. Immunosuppressant; 3. Synthetic corticosteroid (aka glucocorticoid);

Question 26

Glucose: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Chemical Classification(s)

Answer 26

1. Antidiabetic; 2. Monosaccharide;

Question 27

Nitroglycerine: A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 27

1. Anti-anginal; 2. Vasodilator;

Question 28

The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the ___ (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine), which function as both ___ and \_\_\_.

Answer 28

1. Catecholamines; 2. Neurotransmitters; 3. Hormones;

Question 29

Afrin: A. Generic Name B. Therapeutic Classification(s) C. Pharmacological Classification(s)

Answer 29

1. Oxymetazoline; 2. Decongestant; 3. Adrenergic Sympathomimetic;

Question 30

Haloperidol, and some other antipsychotics, have been shown to increase the binding capacity of the ___ receptor when used over long periods of time (i.e. increasing the number of such receptors). Haloperidol increased the number of binding sites by 98% above baseline in the worst cases, and yielded significant ___ side effects.

Answer 30

1. D2; 2. Dyskinesia;

Question 31

Nicotinic receptors get their name from \_\_\_, which does not stimulate the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, but instead selectively binds to the nicotinic receptor. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor likewise gets its name from a chemical that selectively attaches to that receptor — \_\_\_. ___ itself binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Answer 31

1. Nicotine; 2. Muscarine (a water-soluble toxin derived from the mushroom Amanita muscaria); 3. Acetylcholine (ACh);

Question 32

Midazolam: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Drug Classification(s)

Answer 32

1. Sedative-Hypnotic; 2. Anticonvulsant; 3. Amnesiac; 4. Anxiolytic; 5. Benzodiazepine;

Question 33

Oxygen: 1. Drug Classification(s) 2. Oxygen is a \_\_\_-occurring ___ gas.

Answer 33

1. Medical gas; 2. Naturally; 3. Atmospheric;

Question 34

Etomidate: A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 34

1. Sedative-hypnotic (non-narcotic, non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine);

Question 35

Ibuprofen: A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 35

1. (Non-narcotic) Analgesic; 2. (Non-steroidal) Anti-inflammatory; 3. Antipyretic;

Question 36

Epinephrine: 1. Therapeutic Classification(s) 2. Pharmacological Classification(s) 3. Drug Classification(s)

Answer 36

1. * Antianaphylactic; * Bronchodilator; * Cardiac stimulant; * Vasopressor (or Antihypotensive); 2. * Sympathomimetic; * Non-selective alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist (i.e., acts on alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 and beta-3); 3. * Catecholamine;

Question 37

Sodium Chloride 0.9%: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Drug Classification(s) C. Common Name

Answer 37

1. Isotonic volume expander; 2. Isotonic crystalloid solution; 3. Normal saline;

Question 38

The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and \_\_\_, although there are more subtypes, and agonists vary in specificity between these receptors, and may be classified respectively.

Answer 38

1. A1; 2. A2; 3. B1; 4. B2; 5. B3;

Question 39

The majority of anticholinergic drugs are anti-\_\_\_.

Answer 39

1. Muscarinic;

Question 40

Succinylcholine: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Pharmacological Classification(s)

Answer 40

1. Paralytic; 2. (Direct) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist; 3. (Indirect) anticholinergic, antinicotinic, (competitive depolarizing) neuromuscular blocker;

Question 41

Magnesium Sulfate: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Household magnesium sulfate is known as \_\_\_.

Answer 41

1. Antiarrhythmic (Class V, Miscellaneous); 2. Anticonvulsant; 3. CNS depressant; 4. Electrolyte; 5. Epsom salt;

Question 42

Dopamine receptors are a class of \_\_\_-coupled receptors that are prominent in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).

Answer 42

1. G protein;

Question 43

Albuterol: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Pharmacological Classification(s)

Answer 43

1. Bronchodilator; 2. Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist; 3. Sympathomimetic;

Question 44

Diazepam: 1. Therapeutic Classification(s) 2. Drug Classification(s)

Answer 44

1. Anticonvulsant; 2. Anxiolytic; 3. Sedative-hypnotic; 4. Skeletal muscle relaxant; 5. Benzodiazepine;

Question 45

Dextrose: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. Chemical Classification(s) C. Dextrose is the name given to ___ produced from \_\_\_.

Answer 45

1. Antidiabetic; 2. Monosaccharide; 3. Glucose; 4. Corn;

Question 46

Ketamine: A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 46

1. Dissociative anesthetic;

Question 47

An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter ___ in the ___ and the \_\_\_.

Answer 47

1. Acetylcholine (ACh); 2. Central nervous system; 3. Peripheral nervous system;

Question 48

Diphenhydramine: A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 48

1. Antianaphylactic adjunct; 2. Antidyskinetic; 3. Antihistamine; 4. Sedative-hypnotic;

Question 49

Fentanyl: A. Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 49

1. Narcotic Analgesic; 2. Anesthesia Adjunct;

Question 50

1. Ondansetron: Therapeutic Classification(s)

Answer 50

1. Anti-emetic; ## Footnote *Google*

Question 51

Ipratopium bromide is a ___ structural analogue of the drug \_\_\_, and both carry the basic pharmacological classification of \_\_\_.

Answer 51

1. Synthetic; 2. Atropine; 3. Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic;

Question 52

A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of ___ at ___ receptors.

Answer 52

1. Acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine; 2. Nicotinic acetylcholine;

Question 53

Glucagon: A. Therapeutic Classification(s) B. The medication "glucagon" is a ___ form of the body's natural glucagon \_\_\_.

Answer 53

1. Antidiabetic ; 2. Synthetic; 3. Hormone;

Question 54

Antimuscarinic agents act on the (1.) ___ receptors.

Answer 54

1. Muscarinic acetylcholine (mAChR); ## Footnote *Google*