DSM Test 2

Question 1

1. Define the terms illusion, delusion, and hallucination.

Answer 1

• Illusion: A common misperception.
• Delusions: A belief that is held despite contrary evidence.
• Hallucination: Sensory misperception of reality.

Question 2

1. What is criterion A for Schizophrenia?

Answer 2

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech
• Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
• Negative symptoms

Question 3

1. What does DSM-5 mean by the labels “positive and negative symptoms” of schizophrenia? Provide two example symptoms of schizophrenia from each category.

Answer 3

• Positive refers to an excess of symptoms presented that are not normal. Negative refers to diminished presentations in comparison to normal people.
• Positive: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
• Negative symptoms: flat affect, avolition, alogia, anhedonia, and asociality.

Question 4

1. List and describe (emphasizing distinctions) the six disorders discussed in lecture under the heading “the schizophrenic spectrum” of disorders.

Answer 4

• 1. Schizophrenia: meets criterion A for schizophrenia must have duration of 6 months or more.
• 2. Schizophreniform: meet criterion A for schizophrenia, lasts for at least 1 month but less than 6 months, always provisional.
• 3. Brief psychotic disorder: meet criterion A for schizophrenia except negative symptoms, duration for at least 1 day but less than a month.
• 4. Schizoaffective disorder: meet criterion A for schizophrenia plus a major mood episode.
• 5. Delusion disorder: Don’t meet criterion A of schizophrenia. Presence of one or more delusions with duration of 1 month or longer, except for the delusion, appears to be normal.
• 6. Schizotypal disorder: Don’t meet criterion A of schizophrenia. A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perpetual distortions and eccentricities of behavior. History of two years. (pg. 655 criterion A first two lines)
• Not schizoid personality disorder

Question 5

1. Provide the appropriate name for the following mood states:

Answer 5

a.	Moderately low-level depressive feelings
dysphoric
b.	Extremely low-level depressive feelings
depressed
c.	Moderately elevated mood
hypomanic
d.	Extremely elevated mood
manic

Question 6

1. List the symptoms of a manic episode (know at least four)

Answer 6

• Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
• Decreased need for sleep (e.g. feels rested after nly three hours of sleep)
• More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
• Distractibility

Question 7

1. Describe and differentiate between Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Cyclothymia

Answer 7

Bipolar I - manic episode, maybe with hypomanic and/or major depressive episode

bipolar II - no manic episode hypomanic episode alternating with depressive episode

cyclothymia - going between hypomanic and dysphoric symptoms

Question 8

1. List and describe the 4 depressive disorders listed in the DSM 5

Answer 8

1. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) - in children ages 6-10, persistent irritability and severe temper outbursts.
2. Major depressive disorder (MDD) - presence of depressed mood or anhedonia, along with other required
3. persistent depressive disorder (PDD) - depressive episode lasting 2 years or longer, may or may not have major depressive features.
4. premenstual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) - 5 or more symptoms on a monthly cycle basis that is based on menstrual cycling.

Question 9

1. What is Double Depression?

Answer 9

Having two or more of the depressive disorders listed above. A major depressive disorder superimposed on a preexisting dysthymic disorder.

Question 10

What class of antidepressant medications is most commonly used today?

Answer 10

• SSRI or SNRI

Question 11

Which depressive symptoms indicate the need for a referral for an antidepressant trial?

Answer 11

• vegetative symptoms

Question 12

What drugs are used to treat psychotic presentations?

Answer 12

• Antipsychotics, major tranquilizers, neuroleptics

Question 13

What drugs are used to treat mood-elevating conditions (manic and hypomanic episodes)? What’s the problem with lithium (explain the concept of a narrow therapeutic window)?

Answer 13

• Mood stabilizers.

* The problem with lithium is that the effective dose and the toxic dose are very close.