NP School > Electrolyte Abnormalities > Flashcards

Electrolyte Abnormalities Flashcards

(20 cards)

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1
Q

Normal Na value?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of hyponatremia?

A

1) Hypertonic
- sosmol > 295, Na < 135
2) Isotonic
- norm sosmol, Na < 135
3) Hypotonic (true hyponatremia)
- sosmol < 275, Na < 135

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3
Q

What lab values support a diagnosis of Hypertonic Hyponatremia?

A

sosmol > 295 and Na < 135

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4
Q

What lab values support a diagnosis of Hypotonic Hyponatremia?

A

sosmol < 275 and Na < 135

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5
Q

What lab values support a diagnosis of Isotonic Hyponatremia?

A

sosmol 275 - 295 and Na < 135

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6
Q

What is the normal serum osmolality value?

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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7
Q

What is the normal serum sodium range?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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8
Q

Which type of hyponatremia is called the “true hyponatremia”?

A

Hypotonic Hyponatremia

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9
Q

What are the main causes of hyponatremia?

A
  • high/excessive H2O intake
  • H2O retention or decreased urine output
  • increased ADH release from the anterior pituitary
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10
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is released from what organ?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

SALTLOSS
- Stupor or coma
- Anorexia
- Lethargy
- decreased Tendon reflexes
- Limp muscles / weakness
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Seizures
- Stomach cramping

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12
Q

What is the acronym used to remember the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

SALTLOSS

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13
Q

What are the diagnostic tests used to diagnose hyponatremia?

A
  • serum sodium level < 135
  • serum osmolality
  • urine osmolality
  • urine sodium level
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14
Q

What is the cause of hypertonic hyponatremia?

A

there is an increase in another solute which causes increased Na loss from kidneys
- ex: hyperglycemia

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15
Q

What is the first step when assessing a patient with hypotonic hyponatremia?

  • Na < 135 and mOsm/L < 275
A
  • determine if the patient is fluid overloaded or deficient
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16
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with hypotonic hyponatremia and is fluid overloaded?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • serum sodium < 135 mEq/L
  • plasma osmolality < 275
  • restrict H2O intake
  • diurese
  • replace Na PRN
17
Q

what is normal urine Na levels?

18
Q

In a patient that with hypotonic (mOsm < 275) hyponatremia (Na < 135) and is volume depleted, how can you tell if a patient is loosing fluids through the GI tract or diaphoresis vs renally?

Study These Flashcards
A

check Urine Na levels (normal is 10-20 mEq/L)
- < 10 = GI / diaphoresis
- > 20 = renal (most common cause is overuse of diuretics)

19
Q

What is the treatment a hyponatremic patient is overcorrected?

Study These Flashcards
A

start D5W and ddAVP (desmopresin) which is a synthetic anti diuretic hormone

20
Q

How much does 10 mEq of KCL raise the serum postassium?

Study These Flashcards
A

approximately 0.1 mEq/L

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