EMS Assignment 3 (CH.8 & 9)

Question 1

Afterload is defined as:

Answer 1

degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps

Question 2

edema in an upper extremity following a mastectomy is the result of:

Answer 2

decreased lymphatic drainage pg490

Question 3

in the presence of infection, white blood cells release endogenous chemicals called _________, which produce fever.

Answer 3

Pyrogens

Question 4

The myocardium is the only muscle that can generate its own electrical impulses. This process is called:

Answer 4

Automaticity

Question 5

Normal range of pO2

Answer 5

80 - 100

Question 6

The pulmonary circulation is responsible for:

Answer 6

ensuring that blood gets reoxygenated

Question 7

If too much water enters a cell during osmosis, it will burst. This process is called:

Answer 7

Lysis

Question 8

All of the following are formed components of the blood, EXCEPT:

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

Which of the following vessels or structures is NOT part of the pulmonary circulation

Answer 9

Descending aorta (the descending aorta is the main artery of systemic circulation)

Question 10

A patient who overdosed on heroin and is unconscious with slow, shallow respirations would MOST likely experience:

Answer 10

increased CO2 retention

Question 11

A pH of 7.30 indicates:

Answer 11

acidosis

Question 12

An isotonic fluid deficit is caused by a(n):

Answer 12

decrease in extracellular fluid with proportionate losses of sodium and water

Question 13

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint where the humeral head articulates with the:

Answer 13

glenoid fossa

Question 14

All of the following diseases are autoimmune diseases, EXCEPT:

Answer 14

HIV infection

Question 15

Following a stroke, a man has atrophy of his left leg. This means that:

Answer 15

his left leg is smaller in size that his right leg

Question 16

All of the following are functions of the parasympathetic nervous system, EXCEPT:

Answer 16

Increasing of blood pressure

Question 17

Apoptosis is defined as:

Answer 17

Normal cell death

Question 18

What are the three layers of the blood vessel, starting with the outer layer?

Answer 18

tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

Question 19

Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of the total body water?

Answer 19

37%

Question 20

The first two cervical vertebrae, in descending order are called:

Answer 20

atlas and axis

Question 21

The gap that lies between each nerve cell is called the:

Answer 21

Synapse

Question 22

Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium through the:

Answer 22

pulmonary veins

Question 23

The upper section of the sternum is called the

Answer 23

Manubrium

Question 24

which of the following structures comprise the axial skeleton?

Answer 24

Skull, face, thoracic cage, vertebral column

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding the thyroid cartilage is correct?

Answer 25

it is the anterior part of the larynx

Question 26

Ascites is defined as:

Answer 26

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 27

You have a patient experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis. This patient is in metabolic acidosis. What will the body do to compensate for this state of acidosis?

Answer 27

increase respiratory rate and depth

Question 28

Ventricular muscle contraction and the pumping of blood throughout the body occur during:

Answer 28

Systole

Question 28

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus:

Answer 28

need exogenous insulin to survive

Question 29

Severe injuries to the liver are life threatening because it is:

Answer 29

highly vascular and very fragile

Question 30

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it:

Answer 30

Allows only certain substances to pass through it

Question 31

a person with type A+ blood could receive which of the following blood types?

Answer 31

A+

Question 32

The cardinal sign of overhydration is:

Answer 32

edema

Question 33

What is the function of a baroreceptor?

Answer 33

Monitoring changes in arterial pressure

Question 34

Which is a function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 34

Filtration of debris and bacteria from the blood

Question 35

Allergies are acquired following:

Answer 35

initial exposure to an allergen

Question 36

Hyperkalemia is defined as:

Answer 36

an elevated serum potassium level

Question 37

The 3 small bones in the middle ear are the:

Answer 37

incus, malleus and stapes

Question 38

The heart muscle lies within a space in the thoracic cavity called the:

Answer 38

mediastinum

Question 39

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells?

Answer 39

Tunica media

Question 40

The first portion of the small intestine that receives food from the is the:

Answer 40

duodenum

Question 41

All of the following are voluntary muscles, EXCEPT:

Answer 41

Smooth muscle

Question 42

A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that:

Answer 42

Increases heart rate

Question 43

Which of the following organs/structures lie(s) in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen?

Answer 43

Kidneys

Question 44

A specialized part of the venous system that filters the blood and metabolizes various drugs is called the:

Answer 44

Hepatic portal system

Question 45

When oxygen does not reach the cell, the cell reverts to:

Answer 45

Anaerobic metabolism and produces lactic acid

Question 46

If a patient is confined to bed for a prolonged period of time, you would expect edema to form in the:

Answer 46

Sacrum

Question 47

Normal range for HCO3:

Answer 47

22-26

Question 48

The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for:

Answer 48

Alpha and Beta receptors

Question 49

The peripheral nervous system consists of the:

Answer 49

somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 50

With regard to the heart, ejection fraction is defined as the:

Answer 50

Percentage of blood ejected from the heart

Question 51

Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the:

Answer 51

vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 52

Normal inhalation is the result of:

Answer 52

Negative pressure in the thoracic cavity

Question 53

Cardiac muscle comprises the heart. This muscle is:

Answer 53

Striated and involuntary

Question 54

Which of the following is a cause of increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 54

Brain tumor

Question 55

Nicotinic receptors are found:

Answer 55

on skeletal muscles

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Answer 56

Production of antibodies to foreign organisms

Question 57

During an allergic reaction, mast cells release histamines and heparin. What respective roles do these chemicals play?

Answer 57

Increase tissue inflammation and inhibit blood clotting

Question 58

Normal range of pCO2:

Answer 58

35-45

Question 59

A(n) __________ is a substance that can absorb or donate hydrogen ions.

Answer 59

Buffer

Question 60

When oxygen levels are low or absent, the cells revert to a process of:

Answer 60

anaerobic metabolism

Question 61

The hearts primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium, is the:

Answer 61

SA node

Question 62

What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs?

Answer 62

Epithelial

Question 63

All of the following are facial bones, EXCEPT the:

Answer 63

Parietal

Question 64

The atrioventricular valves of the heart include the:

Answer 64

Tricuspid and mitral valves

Question 65

The ascending branch of the aorta supplies blood to the:

Answer 65

Myocardium

Question 66

Which organ is susceptible to injury during rapid deceleration or compression and may be punctured if the overlying left lower ribs are fractured?

Answer 66

Spleen

Question 67

The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for:

Answer 67

Smell

Question 68

If too much water moves out of a cell, the cell shrinks abnormally. This process is called:

Answer 68

crenation