Who are the Economic winners of globalisation?
- Average incomes have risen in all continents since 1950
- Global inequality and income gaps have begun to fall as poorer countries catch up with richer ones
Who are the Economic losers of globalisation?
- The income gap between the West and Sub-Saharan Africa has grown, and inequality is high
- Inequality WITHIN countries has increased e.g. in China and Indonesia
- Income inequality has also been rising in developing countries such as Germany, and in emerging countries such as India
- Across The world, richer people still gain money faster than poorer people
Who are the environmental winners of globalisation?
- Globalisation has caused large scale global flows of cheap food, which is good news for Europeans and North Americans
- Development In dome developed countries, such as Sweden, has not affected the quality of the environment or increased their ecological footprint
Who are the environmental losers of globalisation?
- There are many major environmental issues that are linked with globalisation, such as climate change and loss of biodiversity. This can be down to increased cash cropping and cattle dancing to meet the needs of growing populations
- The drive to industrialise and economically develop due to globalisation can be seen as responsible for the increased energy use and air pollution emissions
How does gross domestic product (GDP) help to measure globalisation?
- It is the value of goods and services divided by the population to find the mean average income. This includes foreign owned companies
- However, it does not measure the informal sector, does not account for purchasing parity, and using an average figure hides the wealth of the rich and the poverty of the poor
How does Economic sector balance help to measure globalisation?
- It shows the proportion of the country’s GDP across the four sectors of the economy
- However, it fails to compare the value of the sectors. E.g. both Lawyers and cleaners are in the tertiary sector, but one earns far more than the other
How does the Human Development Index (HDI) help to measure globalisation?
- It is a composite measure that ranks counties according to GDP/PPP, Life expectancy and literacy rate
- It has been used by the UN development program to identify development since 2010
How does the Gender Inequality Index (GII) measure globalisation?
- It is a composite index that measures gender inequality in relation to three aspects:
- Reproductive health
- Empowerment
- Labour force participation rate
-However, it does not include unpaid female work
How does the Environmental quality (air pollution indices) help to measure globalisation?
- It takes into account the amount of pollution found outdoors and inside people’s homes
- Lower income countries score lower on this index as they still use wood burning stoves for cooking indoors
How have China and North Korea tried to control the spread of globalisation by using Internet Censorship?
- For over 70 years the Chinese government has imposed harsh rules banning the criticism of the government
- The Chinese government has imposed the ‘great firewall of China’ which blocks outside social media such as YouTube and Twitter. Instead, Chinese citizens have to use local sites such as Youku Tudo
-In North Korea, citizens have no access to the internet at all
How has limiting migration in the U.K. attempted to control the spread of globalisation?
- Politicians in the U.K. argue that immigration of cheap migrant labour undercuts local workers
- In 2010, the government introduced a five tier points system in the hopes that it would control immigration, and set a net target of 100,000 immigrants per year
How has Trade protectionism attempted to control the spread of globalisation?
- Protectionists argue that protectionist trade is needed to protect their economy, standard of living and to protect the dominant culture
- For example, in 2005 the EU banned the imports of cheap Chinese textiles in order to protect its own manufacturers
What tensions have arisen between the First Nations people and oil TNCs in Canada?
Many cases of resource exploitation have caused conflict with traditional communities, as many of these resources are on the land of indigenous people
- Many first nation’s people believe that that the government sides with the TNCs against indigenous land holders
- Many people have concerns about the death of fish in oil polluted lakes, and the effects of drugs and alcohol (brought by oil workers) on the behaviour of Young first nation’s people
What are some environmental and ethical issues arising from globalisation?
- Globalisation has caused large influxes of cheap foods crossing between countries. These goods require large amounts of energy and so they increase their impact on the environment
- More and more products are becoming disposable and throw away, and this consumer mentality is spreading around the world
- Globalisation is increasing the affluence of people globally which causes them to buy more and more goods. This increases their ecological footprints
What is localism?
Localism is a belief that supports buying products form local businesses over regional or national and international companies
What are some benefits of localism?
- Local crops trend to be organic, better for health and better for the environment
- Buying from local producers helps them become more and more valuable
- Sourcing locally helps people to lower their carbon footprint as their food travels a shorter distance
What are some costs of localism?
- Local sourcing of meat and vegetables can be expensive, especially for poorer people
- Less demand for foreign food imports can stall economic development in those countries e.g. Ivory Coast
- Local vegetables in the U.K. can sometimes be grown in greenhouses in the winter, which massively increases their carbon footprint
