Exam 3: Helping Process

Question 1

Helping Process

• Principle Goals of Helping
• Help clients manage _______ in living more effectively and develop more fully.
• Help clients become better at helping themselves in _____ living.
• Client-Centered Approach
• Style of counseling that: takes the client’s _________, features collaboration, and genuine respect for patient opinions.

Answer 1

problems

daily

perspective

Question 2

Basics of Client-Centered Approach

*Ask simple, ____-ended questions that require detailed responses.

*______ and encourage with verbal and nonverbal prompts.

• Clarify and _______ to ensure that you understand the client.
• Use ________ listening to help the client see gaps or conflicts between statements related to motivation, goals, and behavior.

Answer 2

open

Listen

summarize

reflective

Question 3

Indicators of a Client-Centered Approach

• You are speaking ______.
• The client is talking [more/less?] than you.
• The client is talking about _______ change.
• You are listening intently and directing the conversation as needed.
• The client appears to be making realizations and connections not previously considered.
• The client is asking for information or _____.

Answer 3

slowly

more

behavior

advice

Question 4

Helping Skills

• Essential human tools for developing relationships with clients and helping them move toward managing their concerns.
• Four Basic Skills (ALEP)
• ________ –> builds relationship
• _______ –> develops understanding
• _______ –> demonstrates understanding
• _______ –> allows for exploration

Answer 4

Attending
Listening
Empathy
Probing

Question 5

Attending

• Relates to being visibly tuned into clients.
• Connected to “quality of ________.”
• Paying attention to verbal and non-verbal messages.
• Facilitates good ________.
• Impact of Effective Attending
• Lets client know that you are there for them.
• Help establish good rapport.
• Puts you in a position to be an effective listener.

Answer 5

presence

listening

Question 6

Essential Skills of Attending

• ____ client
• At least in the general direction.
• Adopt an Open ______
• Crossed arms/legs can indicate decreased attention.
• Maintain good ___ contact
• Don’t stare, but don’t look away too often.
• Try to be relatively ______
• Fidgeting creates sense of nervousness.

Answer 6

Face

posture

Eye

Relaxed

Question 7

Listening

• Capturing a message through sense of sound and sight.
• Goal of all listening: ___________.
• Elements of Complete Listening
• Hearing and understanding verbal messages.
• -Listening requires consideration of events, actions, and feelings.
• Observing and reading non-verbal behavior
• -Includes elements such as ______, facial expression, movement, and ____ of voice.
• Listening to the context.
• -Includes pulling together themes and social environment.
• -Helps prevent distortion of meaning.

Answer 7

understanding

posture
tone

Question 8

Empathy

• Skill that enables helper to communicate their level of __________ to the client.
• Involves identifying with and understanding the client.
• Provided by some verbal or non-verbal response.
• Tips for Improving Empathy
• Give yourself time to _____.
• Give _____ and _______ responses.
• Gear your response to your client.

Answer 8

understanding

think

short and frequent

Question 9

Probing

• Skill that helps clients talk about _________ and define their concerns more concretely through specific ___________.
• Required when clients fail to spontaneously explore their _______.
• Purpose is to provide focus and ________ for the helping process.

Answer 9

themselves
experiences

concerns

direction

Question 10

Probing

*Forms of Probes:
Statements			I am unclear…..
Requests			Tell me how…..
Questions			What do you…..?
Non-verbal prompts	lean, stare gently, etc.

*Statements and requests are preferable to direct questions with goal of building rapport and reducing sense of intrusiveness.

Answer 10

Yuh

Question 11

Helping Suggestions

• Explain your ____ as a helper.
• Plan for termination of or change in relationship from the beginning.
• Say ________ when you don’t know what to say.
• Individualize your helping efforts.
• Avoid _______ solving.
• Summarize.
• ________ your efforts.
• Do not assume that change is ______.
• Consult others when necessary on matters of ethics and scope of practice.

Answer 11

role

nothing

problem

Document

simple

Question 12

Characteristics of Effective Helpers

Empathic			Respectful
Concreteness		Genuineness
Aware of limitations 	Supportive
Good health model	Knowledgeable 
Patient				Sensitive
Flexible 				Clear
Trustworthy

Answer 12

Yuh.

Question 13

Scope of Practice Considerations

*Increased familiarity with “normal” and “abnormal” or “clinical” states of mental health allows for better decisions regarding when to ____ vs. when to _____.

• Only those who are _______ and have consulted with mental health _________ on matters of screening and referral should address any issues related to mental health.
• Learn diagnostic criteria and signs/symptoms well.
• An appropriate concept is – “know thy self.”
• *Always ___ on the side of referring**.

Answer 13

help, refer

educated
professionals

err

Question 14

Reasons for Referral

• Indications from client that he/she is ______ to self or others.
• -Threats with organized plan.
• Indications that client is _______ himself/herself.
• Self mutilation and high risk behaviors.
• Client exhibits explosive anger.
• Indications of on-going problematic ____ use.
• Anorexic/Bulimic Behaviors.
• Indications client may be ________.
• Self-report of abuse as a child or adult.
• Physical, Emotional, and/or Sexual.

Answer 14

danger

injuring

drug

depressed

Question 15

Tips for Referral

• Develop a network of ___________ that you trust for referral.
• Acquire business cards.
• Interview them and follow up with clients.
• __________ all of your efforts to refer a client for the purposes of having evidence.
• After referral attempt fails be very careful to only provide counsel on matters more directly related to fitness.

Answer 15

professionals

Document

Question 16

Ethical Considerations

• Efforts to “____ people change” when they would prefer to do otherwise is questionable ethically.
• The job of fitness professionals is to provide _______ and ________.
• Individuals have the right to make decisions to live unhealthy lifestyles and we cannot/should not _____ our will onto them – “informed refusal.”

Answer 16

make

education and motivation

force

Question 17

Motivational Interviewing

*A contemporary approach to behavior change that focuses on helping an individual arrive at decisions related to change rather than _______ change by way of guilt, coercion, or punishment.

• Key Elements of Motivational Interviewing.
• Express _______.
• Develop Discrepancies.
• Roll With _________.
• Support Self-Efficacy.

Answer 17

forcing

Empathy
Resistance

Question 18

Principle 1: Express empathy

*Based on mutual ______ and avoidance of professional being perceived as authoritarian.
*Requires careful listening without passing ________.
*Requires that ______ be generated by the client, rather than being imposed.
*Fundamental to the client’s feeling
understood and cared about.

Answer 18

respect

judgment

goals

Question 19

Principle 2: Develop discrepancy

• Based on the notion that a clear depiction of the discrepancy between _______ and _______ behavior motivates change.
• Involves client recognizing more clearly their personal goals and values.
• Requires that the client reach their own conclusions on how to proceed.

Answer 19

current, desired

Question 20

Principle 3: Roll with resistance

• Based on the reality that behavior change is a _______ and involves ________ to change.
• Requires support for and encouragement of client efforts and commitment for change.
• When resistance develops, work towards another way to proceed.
• Requires that the professional avoid being confrontational and/or argumentative.

Answer 20

process

resistance

Question 21

Principle 4: Support self-efficacy

• Based on instilling ________ for change which is an important motivator.
• Requires _________ of goals set by the client that are realistic and appropriate.
• Involves preparing the client to better cope with challenges and setbacks.

Answer 21

confidence

validation