Exam 4

Question 1

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 1

Cornelia Presenting Her Children as her Treasures (Mother of the Gracchi) (1785) by Angelica Kauffmann. Oil on Canvas.

1. Example or model of virtue drawn from Greek and Roman history and literature
2. Figures in ancient Roman garb in statuesque poses in Roman architecture - no rococo motif
3. Theme is the virtue of Cornelia, mother of the future political leaders Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
4. Cornelia presents her sons as “jewels”
5. Composition and drawing are simple and firm like low-relief carving

Question 2

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 2

Oath of the Horatii (1784) by Jacques Louis David. Oil on Canvas.

1. Greek style of heroic and patriotic subjects - author
2. Believed depicting noble events in history would instill patriotism and civic virtue in the public at large in postrevolutionary France.
3. Heroic phase of Roman history - pre-Republican Rome
4. Paragon of neoclassical style
5. formal devices present the image with force and clarity
6. Rigid, angular forms counteract curves on right

Question 3

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 3

The Death of Marat (1793) by Jacques Louis David. Oil on Canvas.

1. Commemorates the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat
2. Portrays martyred revolutionary in his bathtub after Charlotte Corday stabbed him to death
3. Direct and clarity of scene
4. narrative details in foreground - knife, wound, blood, letter - to sharpen feelings of pain and outrage
5. Figure based off Christ in Michelangelo’s Pieta in St. Peter’s in Rome
6. Altar piece for the new civic religion

Question 4

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 4

La Madeleine (1807-42) by Pierre Vignon.

1. Constructed for Napolean as a “temple of glory” for his armies
2. Neoclassical design symbolically linked the Napoleonic and Roman empires - Design based on ancient temples of france
3. Used to express imperial authority
4. Reverted back to church when Napolean defeated
5. High podium and broad flight of stairs with deep porch and corinthian columns
6. Classical shell surrounds interior covered by three dome sequences
7. Traditional church

Question 5

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 5

Monticello (1770-1806) by Thomas Jefferson.

1. Fond of Italian architect Palladio & studied French classical architecture
2. Remodeled his Virginia home
3. reminiscent of Palladio’s Villa Rotonda and of Chiswick House
4. Local wood and brick used
5. Liked Roman architecture after visiting Maison Carree

Question 6

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 6

George Washington (1840) by Horatio Greenough. Marble.

1. Posthumous portrait - Washington depicted as god by being seminude and enthroned in the manner of Zeus
2. “Father of his country”
3. Greenough was commissioned by U.S. Congress to create statue for the Capitol
4. over 11 ft tall, seated
5. Neoclassical style - did not win favor of congress or public
6. Statue never put in capitol - the style was out-of-date being replaced by Romanticism

Question 7

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 7

Apotheosis of Homer (1827) by J.A.D. Ingres. Oil on Canvas.

1. Doctrines of ideal form and of neoclassical taste with loyal academic painters
2. Main figure sits like a god on the throne while being crowned
3. Iliad and Odyssey represented by statuesque figures
4. Platos, Socrates, and Phidias shown - all worthy ancient figures
5. Project was never completed.

Question 8

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 8

Grande Odalisque (1814) by J.A.D. Ingres. Oil on Canvas.

1. Greco-Roman subject - neoclassical figure turned into a Turkish harm, with Romantic taste for exotic
2. Admiration for Raphael shown in technique of female head
3. Precise classical form and romantic themes are combined
4. Artist originally seen as rebel in both form and content of work

Question 9

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 9

The Nightmare (1781) by Henry Fuseli. Oil on Canvas.

1. Self-taught to show his imagination, specializing in horror and dark fantasies
2. demons believed to prey sexually on sleeping woman
3. nightmare = “night” “mara” mara was a spirit who tormented and suffocated sleepers
4. among first to attempt dark terrain of human subconscious

Question 10

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 10

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters (1798) by Francisco Goya. Etching and aquantint.

1. dismissed neoclassicism after considering enlightenment and neoclassicism
2. Depicted himself asleep as main figure while creates threaten him
3. owl symbolize folly and bats symbolize ignorance
4. portrayal of what emerges when reason is suppressed or seen as Goya’s commitment to the creative process and Romantic spirit - imagination emotions nightmares.

Question 11

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 11

The Third of May, 1808 (1814) by Francisco Goya. Oil on Canvas.

1. Deals with contemporary events not romantic fantasies
2. commissioned by Ferdinand VII after reclaiming throne from French
3. Napoleonic soldiers shown murdering terrified spanish peasants

Question 12

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 12

Saturn Devouring one of His Children (1819) by Francisco Goya. Fresco, later detached and mounted on canvas.

1. mythological tale used to express aging artist’s despair over time - saturn = time
2. conveys wildness boldness and brutality that evokes an elemental response
3. personal and national history presents darly emotional images well in keeping with Romanticism

Question 13

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 13

Raft of the Medusa (1818) by Theodore Gericault. Oil on Canvas.

1. rejected neoclassical compositional principles, moving towards romaniticism
2. withering bodies showing diff attitidues - suffering despair, death
3. 1816 shipwreck off african coast of the French
4. 8 months to complete - horror chaos emotion tragedy
5. impact neoclassical history painting
6. examined corpses - wanted accurate representation
7. subdued pallette with x-shaped composition
8. Commentary on practice of slavery

Question 14

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 14

Insane Woman (1822) by Theodore Gericault. Oil on Canvas.

1. rebelled against enlightenment rationality
2. believed face accurately revealed character especially in madness or death
3. breaks sharply with traditional portraiture

Question 15

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 15

Death of Sardanapalus (1826) by Eugene Delacroix. Oil on Canvas.

1. Romantic pictorial drama
2. inspired by a powm
3. depicted the last hour of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal
4. foreground shows slave plunging knife into neck of woman
5. space is much more crowded than actually was
6. exotic and erotic overtones

Question 16

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 16

Liberty Leading the People (1830) by Eugene Delacroix. Oil on Canvas.

1. Mix of history and poetic allegory, passion and energy of 1830 revolution captured - shows liberty leading the parisian uprising against charles x
2. Personification of liberty thrusting warriors forward
3. parisian type of fighters shown - market boy
4. inclusion of notre-dame in background shows locale and event

Question 17

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 17

Abbey in the Oak Forest (1810) by C. D. Friedrich. Oil on Canvas.

1. Romantic transcendental landscape
2. ruined gothic church and cemetary demands silence to sacred place
3. coffin moves into the ruins with emblems of death everywhere
4. meditation on human mortality
5. sharp details demonstrate keen perception
6. inner and outer experience balanced
7. deep emotion

Question 18

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 18

The Haywain (1821) by John Constable. Oil on canvas.

1. does not show civil unrest of agrarian working class and outbreaks of violence and arson
2. nostalgic view of disappearing english countryside during the industrial revolution
3. taken from his families land - studied the scene closely
4. meteorologist - captured texture of climate and weather

Question 19

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 19

The Slave Ship (1840) by J.M.W. Turner. Oil on Canvas.

landscape painting contemporary englishside

1. Emotive power of color to express forces of nature and emotional response to it
2. choice of subject prompted by release of slave trade book
3. shows captain throwing sick and dying slaves overboard to collect insurance money
4. immense power of nature over human

Question 20

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 20

Twilight in the Wilderness (1860s) by Frederic Edwin Church. Oil on Canvas

1. express romantic notion of the sublime
2. painted during civil war showing wilderness landscape symbolizing america free of conflict - idealistic view
3. Does not display actual happenings of the time - civil war
4. landscape paintings popular in late 18th and early 19th centuries - nature

Question 21

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 21

The Stone Breakers (1849) by Gustave Courbet. Oil on Canvas.

1 .leading figure in realist movement

2. palette of dirty browns and grays show dreary and dismal nature of menial labor in mid 19-th century france
3. juxtaposition of age - showing this continues throughout life time
4. not romanticized of idealized - direct and accurate
5. working poor as subjects was popular to artist
6. timely and poulist

Question 22

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 22

Burial at Ornans (1849) by Gustave Courbet. Oil on Canvas.

1. ordinary nature of subject and antiheroic composition horrified critics
2. depicts a funeral in landscape outside artist hometown
3. faces show responses to ceremony
4. pit of grave opens into foreground
5. presented daily life and death
6. showed realism - intentional simplicity and direct method of expression
7. palette knife used to quickly place big dabs of pace roughly for surface texture
8. wrote of his brutalities

Question 23

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 23

The Gleaners (1857) by J.F. Millet. Oil on Canvas.

1. specialized in depictions of french country life
2. detailed pictures of forest and country side - of peasant stock and identified with countrys poor
3. impoverished women depicted doing chores - monumental figures in foreground against broad sky
4. tedious and time-consuming work dominate canvas

Question 24

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 24

Rue Transnonain (1834) by Honore Daumier. Lithograph.

1. title refers to paris street where guards attacked the working class for a sniper shot that killed a fellow guard
2. sharp angle of vision adds to the intensity of the scene
3. quiet aftermath of tragedy portrayed
4. Realist art - rough and spontaneous

Question 25

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 25

Third Class Carriage (1862) by Honore Daumier. Oil on Canvas. 1. anonymous poor cramped together in third-class railway carriage 2. concerned with disinherited masses of 19th century industrialization 3. unposed attitudes and unplanned arrangements 4. after 1848 revolution

Question 26

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 26

The Horse Fair (1855) by Rosa Bonheur. Oil on Canvas. 1. realist work - record accurately the anatomy of living horses, even studying carcasses in slaughterhouses 2. panoramic composition with uneven line of march 3. dramatic lighting, loose brushwork and rolling sky reveal admiration of gericault's style 4. Engraved reproductions made Bonheur popular

Question 27

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 27

Horse Galloping (1878) by Eadweard Muybridge. Calotype print. 1. specialized in photographic studies of successive stages in human and animal motion - details too quick for the human eye to capture 2. realist photographer and scientist 3. started by a request from california governor to settle a bet, whether horses have all four feet off the ground 4. invented zoopraxiscope to project his sequence of images on a screen

Question 28

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 28

Still Life in Studio (1837) by Louis Daguerre. Daguerreotype. 1. One of the first plates produced after creating daguerreotype 2. captured amazing detail and finely graduated tones of light and shadow 3. discoveries p. 680 4. high relief of sculptures basket and cloth 5. symbolic meaning of choice ptions possible - suggest art will not endure forever

Question 29

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 29

Early Operation under Ether (1847) by Southworth & Hawes. Daguerreotype. 1. demonstrates documentary power of new photography 2. medical students look down at lecture-demonstration 3. focus on white-draped patient surrounded by dark doctors 4. details and funishings are in focus but several figures blurred from exposure of light 5. spatial perspective is flattened and relationships emphasized - impressionism

Question 30

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 30

Ophelia (1867) by Julia Margaret Cameron. Albumen print. 1. often depicted female subjects as biblical characters 2. slightly blurred focus is distinctive of Cameron's work 3. dream like tone added to photos in blurriness appropriate ofr fictional characters - mysterious and fragile quality reminiscent of Pre-Raphaelite paintings

Question 31

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 31

A Harvest of Death (1863) by Timothy O’Sullivan. Albumen print. 1. civil war photograph giving an objective outlook on combat deaths 2. union soldiers at gettysburg in 1863 3. scene stretched across horizon with clarity in foreground blurring in the distance

Question 32

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 32

Luncheon on the Grass (1863) by Edouard Manet. Oil on Canvas. 1. moved away from illusionism - colors flatten form and draw attention to the painting surface. 2. impressionism & realism - all four figures based on real people 3. nude woman unidealized figure who seems at ease looking without flirtation 4. Upset French public 5. broad lanscape with soft figures

Question 33

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 33

Olympia (1863) by Edouard Manet. Oil on Canvas. 1. scandalized the public with prostitue in nude and maid carrying flowers from client 2. look of cool indifference from figure 3. nude figure and black maid evoked moral depravity, inferiority, and animalistic sexuality 4. shown as racial division 5. represented a radical departure from academic work

Question 34

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 34

Impression: Sunrise (1872) by Claude Monet. Oil on Canvas. 1. critic applied derogatory term impressionism because of sketchy quality and undiguised brushstrokes 2. abbreviation, speed, spontaneity 3. what artist saw and felt - sensations and responses

Question 35

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 35

Saint-Lazare Train Station (1877) by Claude Monet. Oil on Canvas. 1. unintelligible at close range but fussy at brushstrokes from far away 2. aggitated application adds to energy of scene 3. energy and vitality of paris bus captured showing modern transportation

Question 36

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 36

Paris: A Rainy Day (1877) by Gustave Caillebotte. Oil on Canvas. 1. randomly placed figures and cropping of image suggest transitory nature of modern life 2. in response to an increase in population and preparation for future attacks paris was rebuilt 3. focused on wide range of flow in city to show citys urbanization 4. impressionism - informal and assymmetric composition

Question 37

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 37

La Place du Theatre Francais (1898) by Camille Pissarro. Oil on Canvas. 1. Impressionist view - flattening spatial effect of high viewpoint 2. used photography to paint off of 3. casualness of arrangement of figures 4. visual parallels - cutting off figures at the edges

Question 38

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 38

Villa at the Seaside (1874) by Berthe Morisot. Oil on Canvas. 1. swift sketchy strokes of light colors convey a feeling of airiness 2. impressionist painting - depicts scenes from resort areas 3. relaxed leisure mood - open brushwork and the plein air lighting characteristic of impressionism 4. figures fall informally as if being seen intimately in space.

Question 39

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 39

Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) by Pierre Auguste Renoir. Oil on Canvas. 1. impressionism - floating light demonstrated by blurring sunlight and shade into figures 2. unposed placement of figures and continuity of space position the viewer as a participant 3. incidental, momentary and passing aspects of reality

Question 40

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 40

Bar at the Folies- Bergere (1882) by Edouard Manet. Oil on Canvas. 1. spatial inconsistency - relationship between barmaid and reflection in mirror 2. setting is a bar where impressionist hung out 3. blurred and roughly applied brushstrokes 4. attention called to pictorial structure of paintings - modernist interest

Question 41

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 41

Ballet Rehearsal (1874) by Edgar Degas. Oil on Canvas. 1. cut-off figures, patterns of light splotches and blurry images reveal interest in fleeing moments and fascination of photography 2. impressionist formal leisure activity 3. observer brought into pictorial space by spiral stair cut off, windows in background and group in right foreground. 4. seemingly random organization of figures 5. eyes led along directional lines of dancers from diagonals of wall and floorboards

Question 42

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 42

The Tub (1886) by Edgar Degas. Pastel. 1. influence of jampanese prints - sharp angles - in impressionist form 2. specialized in line - figures in rapid and informal action 3. Major surfaces outlined - leaner quality given by pastels - colors appear fresh and bright 4. continued modernist exploration by acknowledging artwork's surface 5. visual perplexity given by foreshortening of pitchers and shared edge of image

Question 43

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 43

The Bath (1892) by Mary Cassatt. Oil on Canvas. 1. subject differs from impressionst painters because women can not frequent cafes 2. demonstrates relationship between mother and child 3. compositional devices of japanese prints and degas

Question 44

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 44

At the Moulin Rouge (1892) by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Oil on Canvas. 1. influenced by degas, japense prints and photography - oblique composition 2. glaring light, masklike faces and dissonant colors influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec 3. post-impressionism; spatial diagonals, asymmetrical composition, strong lines patterns with dissonant colors 4. included himself in the background of nightlife scene 5. start of expressionism - distortions by simplification of figures and faces

Question 45

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 45

The Night Café (1888) by Vincent van Gogh. Oil on Canvas. 1. explored ways colors and distorted forms express emotions 2. thickness, shape and direction of brushstrokes create a tactile counterpart to the intense colors 3. "madness" of place shown by juxtaposition of hues and intensity - hues counteract one another 4. japanese print influenced

Question 46

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 46

Starry Night (1889) by Vincent van Gogh. Oil on canvas. 1. almost abstract pattern of expressive line shape and color 2. living in an asylum and battling depression, the dark choice of colors illustrate van goghs emotions 3. church shown in village may signify conflicted views of religion

Question 47

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 47

The Vision after the Sermon (1888) by Paul Gauguin. Oil on Canvas. 1. firm outlines enclose large areas of unmodulated color - influenced by japanese print, stained class, and cloisonne enamels. 2. rejected objective representation in favor of subjective expression 3. rejected impressionist colors as colors were to be expressive 4. rejected realism and impressionism 5. viewers attention focused on the idea and insifity of message 6. show what memory would recall 7. perspective and space altered to emphasize this

Question 48

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 48

Where do We Come From… (1897) by Paul Gauguin. Oil on Canvas. 1. native women and tropical colors present a pessimistic view of the inevitability of the life cycle 2. tropical flora inspired the color palette lilacs pinks and lemons 3. painted this image before taking his own life

Question 49

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 49

A Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte (1884-86) by Georges Seurat. Oil on Canvas. 1. pointillism - color system - divided colors into component parts and adding colors individually as tiny dots - stippling effect 2. consistent with impressionist themes of recreation and analysis of light and color 3. rigid and remote leisure is unlike impressionist work 4. played on motif for spatial depth and flat patterns 5. figures placed side to side

Question 50

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 50

Monte Sainte-Victoire (1902-04) by Paul Cezanne. 1. Landscape painting - transitory visual effects of changing atmospheric conditions replaced by careful analysis of lines planes and colors - rejected impressionism 2. sought a lasting structure behind formless visuals 3. analytical style - checked painting against scene calling it the "motif" 4. used planes to create sensation of depth and color to modify direction and path of lines and planes 5. modulated color intensity to compose specific objects 6. strict perspective isnt there

Question 51

What is the name of the artist and title? What is the date of this piece? What medium did this artist use? What are 3 significant points about this piece of art?

Answer 51

The Basket of Apples (1895) by Paul Cezanne. Oil on Canvas. 1. still life reveals analytical approach to painting 2. juxtaposing colors captured soliditiy of bottles and fruit but abstract shapes are not realistic 3. explored from different view points 4. two dimensionality of picture plane