The range of the visible wavelength
400-700nm
The eye can respond to: (4)
The eye responds to
a. varying luminance,
b. sensitivity of form,
c. movement,
d. distance.
The functions or modalities of an eye include: (5)
sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity, dark-adapted scotopic vision, discrimination of form, discrimination of movement, color in light-adapted photopic vision.
The paired eyes can perform what types of vision: (3)
panoramic, Binocular and stereoscopic
The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ____________ degrees.
90°
Name the mucous membrane, which lines the inner surface of the eyelids.
palpebral conjunctiva
Name the fibrous tissue that extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents.
orbital septum
All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit, EXCEPT A. ethmoid bone. B. lacrimal bone. C. sphenoid bone. D. palatine bone.
Palatine bone
Name the bone(s) which form(s) the superior wall or roof of the orbit. (3)
orbital part of frontal bone, Lesser wing of the sphenoid, lacrimal fossa of frontal bone
Name the feature which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls.
inferior orbital fissure
The apex of the orbit is in the ____________ of __________ bone.
optic canal of lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Name the bones which form the base of the orbital margin.
maxillary, zygomatic, frontal
The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ______ and _____.
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Name the transparent structure which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball.
Bulbar conjunctiva
The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ______ and ______.
palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva
The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ______.
Tarsi
The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and _____.
tarsi and skin of eyelids
The ciliary glands are located in the margin of the _______.
Eyelids
Name the enzyme which is bacteriocidal in the lacrimal fluid.__________
lysozyme
The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by _______.
levator palpebrae superioris
Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland in sequence.
Superior salvitory nucleus, facial nerve, genicular ganglion, greater petrosal nerve, nerve of the pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, zygomatic nerve of maxillary, zygomaticotemporal nerve of zygomatic, lacrimal nerve of opthalmic, lacrimal gland
Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus.
nasolacrimal duct
The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball consists of the ______ and _____.
sclera and cornea
Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the eyeball.
Cornea
The vascular layer of the eyeball is called as ______ or _______.
uvea or uvea tract
Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. True/False
false
The vascular layer of the eyeball consists of the _____, _____ and ____.
choroid,
ciliary body,
and iris
Name the innermost layer of the choroid.
choriocapillaries
The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ______ and posteriorly with ______.
Iris & Choroid
Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetical responses. True/False
False
The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the _____ anteriorly and ______posteriorly.
cornea,
iris and pupil
Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball. _______________
pigmented cell layer
The optic disc is sensitive to color. True/False
false
Name two features on the fundus of the eyeball.
1.) has a circular depression called optic disc or optic papilla
(the optic disc is insensitive to light)
2.) macula lutea. (small oval area of the retina with special photoreceptor cones) the fovea centralis is located centrally to the macula lutea.
Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision. ____
Macula lutea
The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the___________.
ora serrata
Name the main artery that supplies the retina. _______of ____________
Central artery of retina of ophthalmic
Name the refractive media of the eyeball through which the light waves to the retina pass in sequence.
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitrous humor, retina
The cornea is innervated by the ____ of ___
Long ciliary n and short ciliary n of nasociliary n of ophthalmic n
Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus.
vorticose and anterior ciliary veins
The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body.
zonular fibers
Name the nerve which causes near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction.
parasympathetic nerve (Long & Short ciliary)
Name two main arteries which supply the eye.
________ of _________, ________ of ________
ophthalmic a of internal carotid a & infraorbital of maxillary of external carotid a
The aqueous humor drains directly into the: A. Sclera venous sinus. B. Limbal plexus. C. Vorticose veins. D. Anterior ciliary veins.
Sclera venous sinus
The central vein of the retina drains into the _______ or _______.
cavernous sinus. Superior opthalamic vein
papilledema results from increased intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid spacearound the optic nerve. True/False
true
retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina.
neural and pigmented layers of the retina
Honer syndrome includes all of the following, EXCEPT A. miosis. B. ptosis. C. vasodilation. D. hydrosis.
hydrosis
Horner syndrome results from interruption of ________________.
cervical sympathetic trunk
paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause the ______.
ptosis
glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through ___________.
sclera venous sinus
Give the pathway for tears from the lacrimal gland to the inferior nasal meatus.
Lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, surface of eye, lacrimal lake, punctum, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, inferior nasal meatus.