1
Q
Frye Standard
A
- general acceptance standard
- the court must determine whether or not the method by which that evidence was obtained was generally accepted by experts in the particular field in which it belongs
2
Q
Daubert Standard
A
is the evidence relevant or reliable
3
Q
Daubert: different factors to determine whether the methodology is reliable
A
- the theory or technique can & has been tested
- whether is has been peer viewed or published
- its known or potential error rate
- existence & maintained standards controlling its operation
- attracted widespread acceptance within a relevant scientific community
4
Q
high priority collection at a crime scene
A
- body & things on it, footprints/fingerprints, anything with DNA, easily disturbed evidence, and biological material
- anything wet must be dried
5
Q
is a coroner a physician?
A
usually, but not required
6
Q
does a coroner investigate death?
A
yes
7
Q
does a coroner determine COD?
A
yes
8
Q
does a coroner provide death certificate?
A
yes
9
Q
is a coroner appointed or elected?
A
either
10
Q
is a coroner required to be a pathologist?
A
no
11
Q
is a medical examiner required to be a physician?
A
almost always
12
Q
is a medical examiner required to be a pathologist?
A
yes
13
Q
is a medical examiner appointed or elected?
A
appointed
14
Q
does a medical examiner investigate death?
A
yes
15
Q
does a medical examiner determine COD?
A
yes
16
Q
does a medical examiner provide a death certificate?
A
yes
17
Q
sharp force wounds
A
- incised wound
- stab wound
18
Q
incised wound
A
- clean edges
- no bridges
- longer than deep
- lack of brusing
19
Q
stab wound
A
- puncture wound
- deeper than wide
- some bruising
20
Q
blunt force injury
A
- bruise
- lacerations
21
Q
bruise
A
caused from blood escaping from damaged vessels
22
Q
lacerations
A
- sufficient force to overstretch the skin to the point of tearing
- most common in skin over bone
23
Q
gunshot wounds
A
- contact
- intermediate range
- distant range
24
Q
contact gunshot wound
A
- muzzle imprint
- narrow ring of soot
- ballooning/lacerations of surrounding skin
25
intermediate range gunshot wound
- wider zone of power stippling
- lack laceration
- lack of muzzle imprint
26
distant range gunshot wound
- lack stippling
- hole size = caliber size
27
factors affecting the degree of bruising
- how hard hit
- material hit with
- what body part was hit
- blood flow/disorder
- surface area hit
- mediactions
- age
28
degree of bruising color
hemoglobin -> biliverdin -> bilirubin
29
K+ content of the vitreous humor used to estimate PMI
- vitreous humor is an extracellular fluid
- has a low K+ content maintained in life by pumps
- after death, the pump stops and the membrane gets leaky, so K+ moves down its concentration gradient
30
3 subfields of forensic entomology
- stored products
- urban entomology
- medicolegal
31
stored products
- insects infesting food stuffs
- the cause/source of contamination/infestation
32
what can be determined by stored products entomology?
- type of insect
- where the infestation occurred
- what is at fault?
- development rate
- opportunities
33
urban entomology
- insects that affect people & property
- the cause/source of contamination/infestation
- help determine who is at fault
34
medicolegal
focus on necrophages (death eating) insects that typically infest/colonize human remains
35
determining minimum number of individuals
- check if its human bone
- look if appendage bones are left or right
- look at number of leg bones or arm bones: more than 2 pairs, more than 1 person
36
area of convergence
- the area containing the intersections generated by lines drawn through the long axes of individual stains
- 2D
37
area of origin
3D location from which the splatter originated
38
difference between area of convergence & area of origin
convergence 2D
origin 3D
39
force that produces high velocity blood splatter
external force greater than 100 ft/sec
40
high velocity blood splatter stains
- mist
- less than 1 mm
41
what causes high velocity blood splatter
- gun or explosives
- industrial machinery
- coughing or sneezing
42
high velocity blood splatter distance
travel the shortest distance because of the resistance of the air against their small mass
43
medium velocity blood splatter force
an external force between 5-25 feet/sec
44
medium velocity blood splatter stains
1 to 3 mm
45
medium velocity blood splatter
- most created by blood flying from a body to a surface as a result of blunt or sharp force trauma
- the body colliding with rounded or edged surfaces/vehicles
46
low velocity blood splatter force
- less than 5 feet/sec
- normal gravity
47
low velocity blood splatter stains
- 3 mm or larger
- dripping blood falls at 90° and forms a 360° circular stain
48
low velocity blood splatter
- results from blood dripping from a person walking or running
- dripping from blood weapon
49
pathological features of asphyxia
- cells don't receive oxygen
- cells receive oxygen but can't use it
- cells are unable to eliminate CO2
50
cyanosis
- condition of being blue
- no oxygen makes hemoglobin darker
51
petechiae
- blood vessels burning
- comes from pressure on views or arteries
52
Forensic Biology
flashcards
Decks in class (17)
# Cards
-
Forensic Biology as a Sub-discipline of Forensic Science17
-
Crime Scene Investigation17
-
Death Investigation45
-
Pathology30
-
Forensic Anthropology33
-
Forensic Entomology25
-
Soil Analysis36
-
Hair and Fibers58
-
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis82
-
Forensic Microbiology23
-
Forensic Botany19
-
Forensic Biology52
-
Finger Printing55
-
DNA Extraction34
-
STR Analysis32
-
Forensic DNA Analysis17
-
Final Exam Cumulative Portion52
