Fromm

Question 1

Erich Fromm was a _____ psychoanalyst.

Answer 1

Humanistic

Question 2

What is a humanistic psychoanalyst interested in?

Answer 2

They believe in the essential worth and dignity of each person, and in the importance of helping each person to do the most with what she or he has

Question 3

Fromm was also influenced by _____.

Answer 3

Existentialism

Question 4

What is existentialism?

Answer 4

An approach to understanding each person’s most immediate experience, the conditions of his or her existence, and the necessity of exercising freedom of choice in a chaotic world

Question 5

Fromm believed that…

Answer 5

The aim of each person’s life is to join with others while remaining a free and separate being. He stressed the unique capacities of each individual to create and love, not his or her despair, alienation, and anxiety.

Question 6

What was Fromm’s background?

Answer 6

Sociology

Question 7

True or false: Fromm was Jewish and a refugee from Nazis

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Fromm’s basic tenet:

Answer 8

Individual is victimized by harmful social institutions

Question 9

What are Fromm’s two core structures?

Answer 9

1. For freedom and autonomy

2. For “connectedness” to others

Question 10

What is so significant of Fromm’s core structures?

Answer 10

They are contradictory with one another

Question 11

What are the three stages of societal development?

Answer 11

1. Feudal societies
2. Renaissance
3. Rise of capitalism

Question 12

What occurs in the feudal societies stage?

Answer 12

There is too much connectedness and hardly any freedom

Question 13

What occurs in the renaissance stage?

Answer 13

Individual pursuits are now becoming more appreciated, and freedom is starting to become more important

Question 14

What occurs in the rise of capitalism stage?

Answer 14

Freedom is heavily emphasized, and people are encouraged to pursue their own goals

Question 15

What is Fromm’s core tendency?

Answer 15

To escape freedom

Question 16

The behaviors you choose to escape freedom are your ____.

Answer 16

Traits

Question 17

Which are the personality types from Fromm’s old theory?

Answer 17

Authoritarian
Destructive
Conformist

Question 18

Which traits are part of the authoritarian type?

Answer 18

Sadism and masochism; “dominance vs. submissiveness”

Can be destructive because the person is used and abused by the person to which he or she has submitted

Question 19

Which traits are part of the destructive type?

Answer 19

Vandalism and vicious gossip; “misery loves company”

Question 20

Which traits are part of the conformist type?

Answer 20

Trying to fit in and echoing others’ opinions

When a person bends over backwards to maintain the union by strict adherence to social norms and conventions. Can be destructive because cultural values ensnares us so completely that we do what it dictates, never what our inner voices demand

Question 21

Which needs are part of Fromm’s new (United States) theory?

Answer 21

1. Need for relatedness
2. Need for rootedness
3. Need for transcendence
4. Need for identity
5. Need for frame of reference

Question 22

Which needs are part of the need for connectedness?

Answer 22

Need for relatedness and need for rootedness

Question 23

Which needs are part of the need for freedom and autonomy?

Answer 23

Need for transcendence, need for identity, and need for frame of reference

Question 24

What is need for relatedness?

Answer 24

The necessity to unite with other living things… [constitutes] an imperative need on the fulfillment of which man’s sanity depends.” In other words, a need for togetherness

Question 25

What is need for rootedness?

Answer 25

A deep craving to maintain one's natural ties and not be "separated"; sense of belonging

Question 26

What is need for transcendence?

Answer 26

The act of transforming one's accidental and passive role of "creature" into that of an active and purposeful "creator"; sense of mattering in some way. By creative acts, humans can rise above the "creature" in them and ascend to new heights where purposefulness and freedom dwell.

Question 27

What is need for identity?

Answer 27

The need to be aware of oneself as a separate entity, and to sense oneself as the subject of one's own actions. The person is able to say and feel "I am I."

Question 28

What is need for frame of reference?

Answer 28

A cognitive "map" of their natural and social worlds that enables people to organize and make sense of puzzling matters and allows them to operate in the arena of rational understanding. (i.e., "a rain god")

Question 29

What are the five new personality types?

Answer 29

1. Receptive 2. Exploitative 3. Hoarding 4. Marketing 5. Productive

Question 30

What is receptive?

Answer 30

Dependent, passive | Being taken care of

Question 31

What is exploitative?

Answer 31

Con, manipulative

Question 32

What is hoarding?

Answer 32

Collecting

Question 33

What is marketing?

Answer 33

``` Sales Selling themselves (connectedness) ```

Question 34

What is productive?

Answer 34

Perfect type | Devote all energy to growth, self-improvement

Question 35

Fromm believed in a utopian world, which meant...

Answer 35

He believed that a society that balanced our needs perfectly is possible

Question 36

Where does psychopathology come from?

Answer 36

Society

Question 37

How to cure psychopathology?

Answer 37

Change society

Question 38

What did Fromm say about frame of orientation?

Answer 38

"The more an ideology pretends to give answers to all questions, the more attractive it is." False or irrational ideology (such as political or religious ideologies) may be particularly seductive when adopted as frames of orientation because they offer solutions to every problem.

Question 39

What is mature love?

Answer 39

A union under the condition of preserving one's integrity, one's individuality... [it] is an active power of man.

Question 40

If you are dependent, favor saying "yes" rather than "no," listen to others rather than talking, and seek to be loved and helped rather than give love and help, you have adopted the ____ personality type.

Answer 40

Receptive

Question 41

If your orientation is to grab, steal, and manipulate, while being suspicious, cynical, jealous, and hostile, you have adopted the ____ personality type.

Answer 41

Exploitative

Question 42

If you withdraw from others and set up a protective wall around yourself, only bringing in as much as possible but letting out hardly anything, and have the motto "Mine is mine, and yours is yours," you have adopted the ____ personality type.

Answer 42

Hoarding

Question 43

If you seek to package and sell yourself so that you seem "in demand," and try to make yourself seem as "one of a kind," you have adopted the ____ personality type.

Answer 43

Marketing

Question 44

If you have an attitude of relatedness to the world and yourself that encompasses all realms of human experience (reasoning, loving, and working), then you have adopted the ____ personality type.

Answer 44

Productive