[GAIT] Flashcards by Mind Med

THE STRIDE LENGTH IS NORMALLY ABOUT ___ DURING GAIT.
A. 24 INCHES
B. 56 INCHES
C. 30 INCHES
D. 60 INCHES

C. 30 INCHES

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THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF PELVIC ROTATION DURING GAIT:
A. 4°
B. 5°
C. 6°
D. 7°
E. 8°

E. 8°

Note: 4° forward of the swing of leg and 4° posteriorly on the stance leg

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DURING THE NORMAL GAIT CYCLE, THE PERIOD OF DOUBLE SUPPORT TYPICALLY ACCOUNTS FOR ____% OF THE TOTAL CYCLE:
A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 50

A. 20

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The normal lateral displacement of the pelvis is about

a. 1-2 cm
b. 1-2.5 cm
c. 1-3 cm
d. 4-5 cm

d. 4-5 cm

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A patient comes for gait evaluation after a tibial nerve injury in the distal thigh. Which of the following gait abnormalities would be expected?

a. increased hip and knee flexion during swing
b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg

b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg

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A person with painful, arthritic hip has the following gait abnormality

a. internal rotation of the leg at the hip
b. external rotation of the leg at the hip
c. lateral trunk shift over the affected joint during stance

c. lateral trunk shift over the affected joint during stance

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Correct location of GRF during initial contact:

a. Anterior to ankle
b. Posterior to hip
c. Posterior to ankle

c. Posterior to ankle

Post - ankle
Mid - knee
Ant - hip

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The calf muscle group is most active at what phase of the gait cycle?

a. mid swing
b. preswing
c. initial contact
d. toe off

d. toe off

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Elderly patients usually demonstrate lengthened period of double limb support because during the double limb support,

a The COG is higher making the body more stable
b. The COG is higher making the body less stable
c. The COG is lower making the body more stable
d. The COG is lower making the body less stable

c. The COG is lower making the body more stable

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Mature gait pattern is established at age

a. 10
b. 5
c. 7
d. 12

c. 7

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A patient comes for gait evaluation after a tibial nerve injury in the distal thigh. Which of the following gait abnormalities would be expected?

a. increased hip and knee flexion during swing
b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg
c. AOTA
d. NOTA

b. shortened step length of the uninvolved leg

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Gait pattern starts maturing at age:

a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10

a. 3

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Which phase of the gait cycle constitutes approximately 60% of the cycle?
A) Swing phase
B) Stance phase
C) Float phase
D) Double limb support

B) Stance phase

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The Fick angle normally measures approximately:
A) 0°
B) 7°
C) 5°
D) 3°

B) 7°

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During midstance, the center of gravity reaches its:
A) Lowest point
B) Highest point
C) Mid-level between highest and lowest
D) It does not move vertically

B) Highest point

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Which of the following gait deviations is characterized by a backward lurch with hip hyperextension and is caused by Inferior gluteal nerve injury?
A) Hemiplegic gait
B) Gluteus maximus gait
C) Quadriceps gait
D) Dorsiflexor gait

B) Gluteus maximus gait

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What compensatory mechanism is used in short leg gait for the shorter limb?
A) Hip flexion
B) Ankle plantarflexion
C) Knee hyperextension
D) Increased pelvic rotation

B) Ankle plantarflexion

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The normal base width (step width) during walking is closest to:
A) 0-1 cm
B) 2-4 inches
C) 6-8 inches
D) 10 inches

B) 2-4 inches (5-10 cm)

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The “en bloc” movement pattern is classically seen in:
A) Parkinsonian gait
B) Gluteus medius gait
C) Hemiplegic gait
D) Ataxic gait

A) Parkinsonian gait

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A positive Trendelenburg sign is indicative of weakness in which muscle?
A) Gluteus maximus
B) Gluteus medius
C) Quadriceps
D) Hamstrings

B) Gluteus medius

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Which muscle group is eccentrically active from foot flat to midstance to control forward tibial advancement?
A) Hamstrings
B) Dorsiflexors
C) Plantar flexors
D) Quadriceps

C) Plantar flexors

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The typical cadence for an adult walking is approximately:
A) 50-70 steps per minute
B) 90-120 steps per minute
C) 30-150 steps per minute
D) 80-100 steps per minute

B) 90-120 steps per minute

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The gait phase during which both feet are simultaneously on the ground is called:
A) Single limb support
B) Double limb support
C) Swing phase
D) Float phase

B) Double limb support

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The normal stride length in adults is roughly:
A) 14-16 inches
B) 28 inches
C) 56 inches
D) 70 inches

C) 56 inches

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In an antalgic gait, the painful limb spends less time in which phase? A) Swing phase B) Stance phase C) Both phases equally D) Double limb support phase

B) Stance phase

Which nerve injury typically leads to foot slap during heel strike due to weak dorsiflexors? A) Tibial nerve B) Deep peroneal nerve C) Femoral nerve D) Inferior gluteal nerve

B) Deep peroneal nerve

Which determinant of gait reduces the angle of the femur during walking to effectively lengthen limb stride? A) Pelvic tilt B) Pelvic rotation C) Early knee flexion D) Late lateral pelvic displacement

B) Pelvic rotation

Running gait differs from walking gait primarily because it features: A) Double limb support throughout B) Absence of Fick angle C) Increased double limb stance time D) Shorter step length

B) Absence of Fick angle

Which of the following best describes the center of mass location in relation to spinal segments? A) At T12 B) 2-5 cm anterior to S2 C) Midline at L5 D) 1 cm posterior to S1

B) 2-5 cm anterior to S2

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for hip extension from late swing to heel strike? A) Hamstrings B) Gluteus maximus C) Quadriceps D) Tibialis anterior

B) Gluteus maximus

The normal vertical displacement of the pelvis during walking is: A) 1-2 cm B) 3-4 cm C) >5 cm D) >10 cm

C) >5 cm

During terminal stance, the ankle is typically: A) 10° dorsiflexed B) Neutral position C) 15° plantarflexed D) 5° dorsiflexed

A) 10° dorsiflexed

When running, the step width tends to: A) Increase B) Decrease to nearly zero C) Remain the same as walking D) Vary unpredictably

B) Decrease to nearly zero

Which gait abnormality is defined by the limb being circumducted and vaulting to compensate for weakness? A) Parkinsonian gait B) Hemiplegic gait C) Gluteus medius gait D) Antalgic gait

B) Hemiplegic gait

During the swing phase, the hip typically moves through approximately: A) 10° flexion B) 20° flexion C) 60° flexion D) 90° flexion

C) 60° flexion

A waddling gait is commonly associated with bilateral weakness of: A) Quadriceps B) Gluteus medius C) Hamstrings D) Tibialis anterior

B) Gluteus medius

Which temporal parameter represents the number of steps taken per minute? A) Step length B) Step time C) Cadence D) Stride length

C) Cadence

What is the primary purpose of early knee flexion during early stance? A) Shock absorption and weight transfer B) Propel the body forward C) Maintain balance D) Increase stride length

A) Shock absorption and weight transfer

Which muscle activity is greatest during the toe-off phase to propel the body? A) Quadriceps (eccentric) B) Plantarflexors (concentric) C) Hip flexors D) Hamstrings

B) Plantarflexors (concentric)

In arthritis-induced lateral trunk lean towards the affected side, the gait abnormality is called: A) Arthrogenic gait B) Antalgic gait C) Gluteus maximus gait D) Hemiplegic gait

A) Arthrogenic gait

The loading response phase in gait corresponds to which traditional phase? A) Heel strike B) Foot flat C) Mid-stance D) Toe off

B) Foot flat

In Parkinsonian gait, the term "festinating" refers to: A) Shuffling steps without change in speed B) Decreasing step length C) Progressively increasing step speed with difficulty stopping D) Slow initiation of step

C) Progressively increasing step speed with difficulty stopping

The center of gravity (COG) during normal walking is positioned: A) Outside the base of support B) Within the base of support C) At the heel during stance phase D) At the midpoint of the foot during swing phase

B) Within the base of support

What is the normal walking speed for an adult? A) 1 mph B) 2 mph C) 3 mph D) 4 mph

C) 3 mph

The pelvic rotation during gait typically totals about: A) 0° (no rotation) B) 4° C) 8° D) 15°

C) 8° 4° forward on swing side, 4° backward on stance side

During midstance, which of the following is true about the vertical pelvic shift? A) It is at its lowest point B) It is at its highest point, normally exceeding 5 cm C) It remains unchanged from heel strike D) It shifts laterally towards the swing limb

B) It is at its highest point, normally exceeding 5 cm

The double limb support period during normal walking accounts for approximately: A) 10% of the gait cycle B) 20% of the gait cycle C) 40% of the gait cycle D) 60% of the gait cycle

C) 40% of the gait cycle

What is the highest functional activity? A. walking B. swimming C. running D. stair negotiation

A. walking

which of the following is NOT part of the traditional gait terminologies A. Midstance B. Midswing C. Terminal stance D. Heel Off

C. Terminal stance

Where does the GRF pass through during heel strike A. posterior to ankle B. through the knee C. anterior to hip D. AOTA

D. AOTA

Where does the GRF pass through during foot flat A. posterior to ankle B. posterior the knee C. posterior to hip D. AOTA E. NOTA

B. posterior the knee

which of the following is NOT part of the RLA gait terminologies A. Midstance B. Midswing C. Preswing D. Deceleration

D. Deceleration

First half of single limb support A. Midstance B. Initial contact C. Midswing D. Terminal stance

A. Midstance

Second half of single limb support A. Midstance B. Initial contact C. Midswing D. Terminal stance

D. Terminal stance Also known as HEEL OFF

What is the normal knee flexion angle during loading response (foot flat phase)? A) 0° B) 10° C) 20° D) 40°

C) 20°

At midstance phase of gait, the ankle is normally positioned at: A) 5° plantarflexion B) Neutral (0°) dorsiflexion/plantarflexion C) 5° dorsiflexion D) 10° dorsiflexion

C) 5° dorsiflexion

During initial contact (heel strike) in the gait cycle, the typical hip position is: A) 0° extension B) 20° flexion C) 40° flexion D) 10° hyperextension

B) 20° flexion

In the pre-swing phase of gait, the hip normally flexes to approximately: A) 10° B) 20° C) 40° D) 60°

C) 40°

During initial swing phase, the ankle is expected to be at approximately: A) Neutral (0°) B) 5° dorsiflexion C) 5° plantarflexion D) 10° plantarflexion

C) 5° plantarflexion

Where does the GRF pass through during foot flat A. anterior to ankle B. posterior the knee C. posterior to hip D. AOTA E. NOTA

B. posterior the knee

center of pressure during midstance A. lateral midpoint of heel B. lateral midfoot C. medial forefoot of 1st and 2nd metatarsal head D. big toe E. A & B F. C & D

B. lateral midfoot

center of pressure during toe off A. lateral midpoint of heel B. lateral midfoot C. medial forefoot of 1st and 2nd metatarsal head D. big toe E. A & B F. C & D

F. C & D

center of pressure during heel strike A. lateral midpoint of heel B. lateral midfoot C. medial forefoot of 1st and 2nd metatarsal head D. big toe E. A & B F. C & D

A. lateral midpoint of heel

most activated muscle during foot flat to midstance A. Plantarflexors B. Dorsiflexors C. Knee extensors D. Knee flexors

A. Plantarflexors

most activated muscle during heel strike only A. Plantarflexors B. Dorsiflexors C. Knee extensors D. Knee flexors

B. Dorsiflexors

most activated muscle during Midswing to terminal swing A. Plantarflexors B. Dorsiflexors C. Knee extensors D. Knee flexors

D. Knee flexors

The gluteus maximus is most active during: A. Late swing to heel strike to foot flat B. Midstance C. Heel strike to foot flat D. NOTA

A. Late swing to heel strike to foot flat

The quadriceps femoris is most active during: A. Late swing to heel strike to foot flat B. Midstance C. Heel strike to foot flat D. NOTA

C. Heel strike to foot flat

How much does the float phase compromise in running? A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%

C. 30%

Functional Tasks of Walking A. Weight acceptance B. Single limb support C. Limb advancement D. AOTA

D. AOTA

A patient presents with weak hip flexors (2/5 MMT Grade). All other muscles are within functional limits. What should the therapist expect the patient may display during gait? a. Backward trunk lean b. Forward trunk lean c. A circumducted gait d. A trendelenburg gait

c. A circumducted gait

A patient comes from gait evaluation after a tibial nerve injury in the distal thigh. Which of the following gait abnormalities would be expected? a. Increase hip and knee flexion during swing b. Shortened step length on the uninvolved leg

b. Shortened step length on the uninvolved leg

A physical therapist observes a patient during gait training. The patient has normal strength and equal leg length. As the patient passes midstance he slightly vaults and exhibits early toe off. The MOST likely cause of this deviation is: A. weakness of the dorsiflexors B. weakness of the plantarflexors C. spasticity of quadriceps D. limited dorsiflexion

D. limited dorsiflexion

How much MTP ROM is need to gait?

60-70 degrees

Heel strike develops at: a. 3 years b. 2 years c. 18 months d. 15 months

c. 18 months

Knee flexion emerges at: a. 3 years b. 2 years c. 18 months d. 15 months

b. 2 years

Reciprocal arm swing develops at: a. 3 years b. 2 years c. 18 months d. 15 months

c. 18 months

Father of modern gait analysis

Eadward Muybridge

In Parkinsonian gait, the term "shuffling" refers to: A) Short steps without change in speed B) Decreasing step length C) Progressively increasing step speed with difficulty stopping D) Slow initiation of step

A) Short steps without change in speed

[GAIT] Flashcards

(79 cards)