Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Genetic engineering

Answer 1

Direct manipulation of the genes of an organism

Question 2

How, in theory, is genetic modification used to obtain a desired characteristic in a target organism?

Answer 2

The relevant gene from one cell in one organism is transferred to a cell forming the target organism

Question 3

Transgenic organism

Answer 3

The organism that has a gene that was transferred from an different organism

Question 4

Steps in the process of forming a GMO

Answer 4

1. Relevant gene identified and extracted
2. Isolated gene transferred using a vector (e.g. a virus)
3. Gene integrated in organisms genome
4. The correct protein is synthesised and desired trait expressed

Question 5

GMO

Answer 5

Genetically modified organism

Question 6

recombinant DNA

Answer 6

New DNA sequence formed in a cell as a result of genetic engineering

Question 7

The integration of genes in cells with faulty or missing genes as a treatment for an affected organism

Answer 7

Gene therapy

Question 8

Uses of GMO’s for human benefit

Answer 8

• Synthesis of medical drugs
• Cloning
• New crop varieties
• Stem cell research

Question 9

Example medical uses of GMO’s

Answer 9

• Production of insulin
• Production of vaccines

Question 10

A disease where the pancrease does not produce sufficient functional insulin

Answer 10

Diabetes mellitus

Question 11

Past source of insulin for treating diabetics

Answer 11

• Insulin was extracted from slaughtered cattle and pigs
• Very expensive
• Small quantities