Genetic Mutations

Question 1

What is a mutation ?

Answer 1

Any mistake or change in DNA sequence

Question 2

What causes mutations ?

Answer 2

It can be random or environmental :
Influences :x-ray, UV rays, radioactive materials, chemicals, cigarettes, medication

Question 3

Chromosomal mutation

Answer 3

Affects whole or part of a chromosome

Question 4

Gene mutation

Answer 4

Changes to the based in the DNA of ONE gene

Question 5

• change in one or more nucleotides
• Affects the amino acids and protein produced
• Two types

Answer 5

Gene mutation

Question 6

What are the two kinds of gene mutation?

Answer 6

Point mutation and frameshift mutation

Question 7

Point mutation is also called _____. It’s the change in a single base pair in DNA.
e.g.,
Sickle cell anemia

Answer 7

Substitution

Question 8

What is it called a point mutation is harmless and is due to the redundancy if the genetic code

Answer 8

Silent mutation

Question 9

What is it called when a single base pair is added or deleted from DNA. Causes a shift in the “reading frame “
E.g.
Cystic fibrosis

Answer 9

Frameshift mutation

Question 10

What are the two kinds of frameshift mutation?

Answer 10

Insertion and Deletion

Question 11

A kind of frameshift where one or more bases are added into the mRNA strand

Answer 11

Insertion

Question 12

A kind of frameshift in which one or more bases are removed from the mRNA strand

Answer 12

Deletion

Question 13

When a point mutation or a shift in the reading frame can sometimes cause a premature STOP codon

Answer 13

Nonsense mutation

Question 14

What kind of mutation produce functional protein that result in an entirely new trait . These mutations are usually beneficial and result in an advantage in an organism’s environment .

Answer 14

Gain -of-function