Genetics

Question 2

euploid

Answer 2

• correct number of chromosomes

Question 3

haploid

Answer 3

• single chromosomes
• gametes

Question 4

diploid

Answer 4

• paired chromosome
• somatic cells

Question 5

Polyploid

Answer 5

• more than the diploid number of each chromosome

Question 6

triploid

Answer 6

• 3 copies

Question 7

tetraplois

Answer 7

4 copies

Question 8

aneuploidy

Answer 8

• only 1 chromosome affected

Question 9

trisomy

Answer 9

• 3 copies

Question 10

monosomy

Answer 10

• 1 copy

Question 11

down syndrome characteristics

Answer 11

• decreased intellectual abilities, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, low set ears, poor muscle tone, short stature

Question 12

Klinefethers syndrom

Answer 12

at least 2 X and 1Y chromosome

Question 13

klinefelters syndrome characteristics

Answer 13

• moderate degree of mental impairment, usually male appearance, high pitched voice

Question 14

turners syndrome

Answer 14

monosomy X chromosome

Question 15

turners syndrome characteristics

Answer 15

• most die in utero
• medical and developmental problems, short height, failure of ovaries to develop, heart defects

Question 16

genotype

Answer 16

• exact pairing of alleles

Question 17

physnotype

Answer 17

• physical apperance
• expression of the trait

Question 18

homozygote

Answer 18

copies of the same allele

Question 19

heterozygote

Answer 19

two diffrent alleles

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

• inhertited alteration of genetic material

Question 21

substitution

Answer 21

• sequence of neucleotides in the wrong position

Question 22

deletion

Answer 22

DNA material not copied

Question 23

enviormental

Answer 23

• adhere to DNA and RNA and induce changes in shape causing deletion or substitution

Question 24

substitution example

Answer 24

sickle cell anemia

Question 25

deletion example

Answer 25

cystic fibrosis

Question 26

enviormental example

Answer 26

asbestos lung

Question 27

autosomal

Answer 27

located on one fo the numbered chromosomes

Question 28

penetrance

Answer 28

percentage of individuals with genotype and expected phenotype

Question 29

incomplete penetrance

Answer 29

- have the genotype but do not exhibit the phenotype

Question 30

expressivity

Answer 30

- extent of variation in phenotype

Question 31

autosomal dominant example

Answer 31

huntingtons disease

Question 32

autosomal recessice example

Answer 32

- cystic fibrosis - blue eyes

Question 33

x linked recessice example

Answer 33

- color blindness - hemophilia

Question 34

polygenic traits

Answer 34

- trait that is affected by more than one gene e,g. skin color, hair color