GI > GI System Physiology > Flashcards

GI System Physiology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are 3 constrictions of oesophagus

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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2
Q

Where does oesophagus pass through at diaphragm

A

Oesophageal hiatus

Acts as sphincter

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3
Q

How is oesophagus peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

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4
Q

What part of stomach does oesophagus enter

A

Cardial orifice

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5
Q

What type of muscle is the oesophagus

A

Striated at top

Becomes smooth

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply

A

Left gastric - oesophageal branches
Celiac trunk
Left inferior phrenic

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7
Q

What is the venous drainage

A

Left gastric -> portal venous

Oesophageal -> azgous

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the oesophagus

A

Left gastric

Celiac

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9
Q

What innervates the oesophagus

A

Vagus nere
Thoracic sympathetic
Splanchnic nerve

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10
Q

What are the parts of the stomach

A

Cardia - surrounds cardiac orifice (no sphincter)

Fundus - filled with gas at top related to left dome of diaphragm

Body

Pylorus - pyloric sphincter controlling discharge into duodenum

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11
Q

What is behind the shorter curvature

A

Lesser sac / omentum

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12
Q

What is surface anatomy of the liver

A

Ribs 7-11

Right side

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13
Q

What is produced in the liver and where does it go

A

Bile

Secreted into R and L hepatic ducts which go to gall bladder for storage

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14
Q

What happens during a meal to allow bile into duodenum

A

Gall bladder contracts
Bile travels out of cystic duct and joins with R and L hepatic to form common hepatic duct
Pancreatic duct containing bicarbonate and digestive enzymes joins

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15
Q

What is the artery of the gall bladder

A

Cystic artery

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16
Q

What is the triangle of clot

A

Triangle between common hepatic, cystic and visceral surface of liver

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17
Q

How is pancreas peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

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18
Q

Where do pancreatic and bile duct open into

A

2nd part of duodenum at sphincter of oddi

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19
Q

What is behind the neck of the pancreas

A

Portal vein

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20
Q

Where is spleen found

A

Ribs 9-11 on L side

Intraperintoneal except hilum

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21
Q

What supplies spleen

A

Celiac trunk originating at T12 of aorta

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22
Q

What does celiac trunk divide into

A

Left gastric - lesser curvature of stomach
Hepatic - liver and gall bladder
Splenic - superior margin of pancreas

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23
Q

What makes up the midgut

A 
Duodenum 
Jejunum 
Ileum 
Cecum 
Appendix 
Ascending colon
Right half of transverse colon
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24
Q

What is the shortest and widest part of small intestine

25
What is the blood supply of the small intestine
Superior mesenteric - L1
26
What distinguishes large intestine from small
Mental appendicies Haustra Teniae coli - thickened bands of smooth muscle
27
What makes up the large intestine
``` Caecum Ascending colon Transverse Descending Sigmoid -> rectum at S3 ```
28
What is the appendix
Intestinal diverticulum | Lymphatic tissue
29
What is most common appendix position
Retrocecal
30
What supplies appendix
Inferior mesenteric - L3
31
What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal
Inner mucosa Submucosa Smooth muscle (muscular externa) Serosa - connective tissue covering or adventitia if around organ / blood vessel
32
What makes up the inner mucosa
Single layer epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae
33
What type of epithelium
Stratified squamous non keratinised - mouth / oesophagus / anal canal Simple columnar - stomach and intestines
34
What is in the sub mucosa
Submucosal plexus - parasympathetic | Submucosal glands in duodenum and oesophagus - secrete mucous and bicarbonate to neutralise acid
35
What are the two layers of smooth muscle
Inside circular layer - constricts | Outside longitudinal layer - shortens tube
36
What is also present in smooth muscle layer
Myenteric plexus - motor activity of muscle | Myenteric + submucosal = enteric nervous system
37
What are the two layers of peritoneum
Parietal Visceral - covers organs Peritoneal fluid between
38
Why can you get infection more easily in female
Communication pathway through uterine tubes and vagina | In males it is closed so infection only from damage
39
What is the peritoneal cavity divided into
``` Greater sac Lesser sac (omenta bursa) ```
40
What links greater and lesser sac
Epiploic foramen
41
What increases SA of small intestine
Small intestine has villi which have microvilli
42
What increases SA of small intestine
Small intestine has villi which have microvilli
43
What is a mesentery
Double layer of peritoneum Occurs due to invagination by an organ Allows neuromuscular communication between organ and posterior body wall
44
What is the peritoneal ligament
Double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ or abdominal wall
45
What is falciform ligament
Connects liver to wall
46
What is omentum
Double layer of peritoneum passing from stomach and duodenum to other organs or body wall
47
What is lymphatic drainage of foregut, midgut, hindgut
Celiac Superior mesenteric Infection mesenteric
48
What are the three terminal groups of lumbar nodes
Pre-aortic - celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric Lateral aortic Retro-aortic
49
What nerves supply the GI tract
Para - vagus and pelvic splanchnic Sympa - abdoinopelvic splanchnic nerves T5-T9 = greater T10-T11 = lesser T12 = least Somatic
50
What is the Venus drainage
Hepatic portal vein formed by splenic and superior mesenteric vein at L2 Carries deoxygenated nutrient rich blood to liver R+L hepatic artery carry oxygenated blood
51
What is porto-caval anastomoses
Connection between portal venous and systemic | Useful if there is a block in the portal vein so blood can reach IVC without travelling through liver
52
What happens if shunt
Haemorrhoids Esophageal varices Caput medusa
53
What is the arterial supply of the GI tract
Celiac trunk - stomach, small intestine and pancreas Superior mesenteric - small intestine, caecum, ascending and transverse colon Inferior mesenteric - descending colon, sigmoid, rectum and appendix
54
What is the venous drainage of the GI tract
Stomach - gastric vein Superior mesenteric vein Inferior mesenteric vein All drain into hepatic portal then into IVC
55
What controls the GI tract
Autonomic | Enteric nervous system
56
What is primary stimulus for secretion and motility
Parasympathetic via vagus
57
What stimulates salvation
Facial - sublingual, submandibular, lacrimal Glossopharyngeal - parotid Vagus doesn't innervate head or neck
58
What does sympathetic do
Splanchnic nerve Inhibitory Increases salivation but para is primary stimulus
GI
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