GIT Flashcards by Gabrielle Hybki

Watkins et al JSAP2024- Treating hiatal hernia:
What was the difference in treating with and without a gastropexy?
What group was more likely to require further surgery?

No difference in sx time, PO GI grade, or need for ongoing medical management
Gastropexy dogs, with re-herniation seen in 2

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Rossi et al JAVMA 2024- What new congenital vascular ring anomaly was identified?

Circumflex left aortic arch

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Winston III et al VetSurg 2022- In tx lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome with modified Heller myotomy, dor fundoplication, and with use of temporary gastrostomy tube:
What % had improvement in VFSS scores?
Did owners perceive improvement?
Gastrotomy tube complication rate?
Mortality rate?

6/13
Yes
50%
1/13

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Rossanese et al JSAP 2022- Tx of double aortic arch:
What procedure was performed?
How was a definitive diagnosis reached?
What was the most common variation?
Survival to discharge?

Ligation and transection of the lesser aortic arch via left 4th intercostal thoracotomy
CTA
Dominant right
100%

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Conte et al VetSurg 2020
Was a difference in esophageal hiatus size identified on CT between BOAS and not?

Yes BOAS dogs had larger cross-sectional areas

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Lacitignola et al VetSurg 2021- Gastropexy was absorbable straps:
How long did surgery take?
How long did the pexy take?
Complication rate?

25.8 min
10.1 min
-No complications

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Chik and Buote VetSurg 2024- Was it possible to perform open transcholecystic cholangioscopy with a disposable flexible endoscope?
What size of scope was used?

Able to see the common bile duct, cystic duct, and hepatic duct in 8/8
1.9 mm scope was used in a 44 kg dog

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Chen et al JAVMA 2022
What modifications were made to the closed anal sacculectomy technique?
Complication rate?

A hemostat is placed so that 1 jaw is inside the sac and 1 is holding the partially disected caudal wall
1/16 (6%)

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Azuma and Monnet VetSurg 2024- 3D vs 2D lap chole:
Which had the shortest time to first endoclip?
Which had the shortest surgery time?

3D
The both took the same time

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Anderson et al VetSurg 2024- Adhesive gelatin sponge vs plain collagen for hemostasis in liver surgery:
How many cases had bleeding at 5 min?
How many dislodged during lavage?

10/20 in the collagen (50%); 2/20 in the adhesive gelatin sponge (10%)
5/23 in the collagen (22%); 0 in the adhesive gelatin (0%)

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Balsa et al VetSurg 2021- 3D vs 2D for lap gastropexy:
Which type of laproscopy had a shorter surgery time?

Surgery time was the same

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Barahs et al JVIM 2022
How many esophageal bone FB were treated non-surgically?
What signalment was most likely to develop esophageal erosions
How many gastric bone foreign bodies were left in situ?

42/45 (93%)
Distal entrapment and longer duration
62/84 (74%)

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Bentley et al Vet Rad 2024- Looking at CT findings of cats with primary hepatic masses:
Where were masses identified?
How frequently did CT identify the correct hepatic division and lobar origin?

54% left division (33% left lateral, 21% left medial; 21% right medial)
76%

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Bergen et al VetSurg 2024- Use of uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents:
What % had improved chemistry and cx?
Mortality rate?
Long term complications?

-10/11 cases (91%)
- 2 died within 2 weeks
- 1 cat had a recurrent stone and 1 stent was removed due to recurrent cholangiohepatitis

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Bobis-Villagra et al JFMS 2022- Feline sialoceles:
Most common locations?
Etiology?
Tx?
Recurrence?

6 cervical, 6 sublingual, 3 both, 2 fascial, 1 pharyngeal, 1 zygomatic
2 trauma, 1 neoplasia, 16 unknown
3 marsupialization, 11 sialoadenectomy, 2 needle drainage, 2 stab incisions, 1 parotid duct ligation
No recurrence

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Brunori et al JVIM 2023- Hypernatremia PO cholecystectomy:
Prevalence?
Significance?
How did it impact survival?
What is the upper limit associated with mortality?

56%
associated with higher mortality than nonhypernatremic patients
Hypernatremia within 6 hours PO had a 7.7 times higher odds of non-survival
> 160 mEq/L did not survive

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Buote et al VetSurg 2023- Lap vertical sleeve gastrectomy in cats:
How did then prevent resection of the stomach too close to the lesser curvature?
Complication rate in 2 live cats?

An orogastric tube
0%

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Burger et al JAVMA 2023- Prevalence of urolithasisi in dogs with EHPSS:
Prevalence in dogs with closed shunts?
Prevalence in dogs which developed multiple acquired shunts that had stones?
% that developed not stones?

5%
-67%
50%

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Burkhardt et al VetSurg 2024- Pre-op coag panels in dogs with liver tumors:
What % had prolongation of one?
What % had prolongation of both?
What was associated with prolonged PT and PTT?

20.6%
5.6%
6.5 times more likely to need emergent surgery and 2.6 time more likely to be a hemoabdomen

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Untch et al JAVMA 2025- Nocita for anal sacculectomy:
Short-term complication rate?
Difference in complication rate between control and Nocita?

24%
None

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Ullal et al JVIM 2024- Esophageal pH in frenchies with sliding hiatal hernias:
What instrument was used?
Where they able to diagnose subclinical reflux?
How many met the human criteria for GERD?
Did it improve post BOAS correction?

Bravo pH capsule
Yes
27%
in 3/4 dogs that underwent surgery

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Camacho and Humm JSAP 2024- Comparing NE and NG tube placement:
% of tube placement into resp system?
How was misplacement diagnosed?
Complication rate placement? overall?
Was there a difference in complication rate between NE and NG tubes?

3.1%
A non-zero capnography
-27.8%; 51%
NE 44.9%; NG 57%

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Cantatore et al VetSurg 2022- Submucosal resection vs transanal approach to epithelial rectal tumors:
Complication rate?
Recurrence rate?
MST?
Which tumor type had longer survival rates?

29%
21%
MST not reached in any group
Benign tumors survived longer than carcinomas

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Carrillo et al JAVMA 2024- Medical management of GI fb:
Success rate?
% non-linear which resolved? % linear?
% non-linear which failed?

47%
96.9%, 3.1%
80.6%

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Case et al VetSurg 2024- Laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy with harmonic scalpel in cats: Success rate? Complication rate intra-op? Post-op PO pancreatitis rate?

- 9/9 - 11% (minor hemorrhage); 11 % (sterile peritonitis at the pancreatic angel) - 0%

Castejon-Gonzalez et al 2024- Barrier membrane for hard palate defects post previous cleft palate repair: Rate of cx resolution? Complete success rate?

- 7/7 - 5/7

Chu et al JAVMA 2025- Mattress suture with pledgets vs cellophane banding for intrahepatic shunts: Mortality rate? MST? Which group needed more medications long term?

- 2% for cellophane band and 4% pledget - 3537 days for cellophane and 2141 days for pledget - Pledget

Clearly et al JAVMA 2023- Dogs with pancreatitis and bile duct obstruction: Survival rate surgical vs medical? Length of hospitalization surgical vs medical? Difference in survival time?

- 95% vs 57% - no difference - surgical group had higher 2 and 12 month survival

Cola et al VetSurg- Laparotomy-assisted endoscopic removal of GI FB vs traditional enterotomy: Success rate? Did the characteristic of the FB affect success? What was associated with conversion to enterotomy?

- 35/40 - no - intestinal wall damage

Collgros et al JAVMA - BG monitoring to assess completeness of insulinoma removal: How much did BG increase in all cases? How frequently was BG assessed DFI? MST?

- mean rise of 6.35 mmol/L - Immediately after every mass was removed - 382 days - 762 days

Costello et al JFMS et al 2024- Stapled enterectomy vs sutured: Was there a difference in surgical time? Complications associated with stapled enterectomies?

- stapled were 34.3 min faster than sewn - hemoabdomen and anastomotic structure

Coulture et al JVIM 2024- Hemogram differences between intra and extrahepatic PSS: What was more common with intrahepatic?

- anemia, microcytosis, hypochromia

Crino et al JSAP 2023- Conservative management of sharp metallic straight FBL CX rate? Success rate? Complications? Mean FB transit time?

- 17.6% (3/17) - 88.2% - None reported - 59.2 hours

Culbertson et al VetSurg 2021- Jejunal continuous anastamoses probe insection vs leak testing: What % had a probe drop? What % had a leak? Senstitivity of probe test? Negative predictive value?

- 79.2% - 17.4% - 100% - 100%

Davey and Prpich VetSurg 2024- Modified closed anal sacculectomy technique: What was the modification to the technique? Recurrence rate? Complication rate? MST?

- Circumferential incision around the duct - 2.2% - 31.9% - 521 days

Davis and Hosgood VetSurg 2024- Modified closed anal sacculectomy technique: What as the modification? Perforation rate?

- Circumfrential incision around the duct - 10%

Demars at al JSAP 2023- Laparotomy-assisted endoscopic intestinal FB removal: Success rate? What caused conversion to enterotomy?

- 100% - serosal tearing

Demeulemeester et al JAVMA 2025- Insertion site of EHPSS and clinpath: What was different about a portocaval insertion site? What other insertion sites were examined?

- sig younger at dx, with lower BCS and worse cx, more pronounced microcytosis and monocytosis, Urea and creatinine was lower and serum bile acids was higher - portoazygous and portophrenic

Decriendt et al VetSurg 2022- Blood tests to assess for EHPSS closure: Which tests were examined? Which had the highest specificity? Which had the highest sensitivity?

- Fasting ammonia, serum bile acids, lidocaine/monoethylglyclxylidide, and serum hyaluronic acid - Fasting ammonia - serum hyalurinic acid and lidocaine/monoethylglyclyxlidide

Dickerson et al VetSurg 2023- Hepatic abscesses in dogs: Most common findings? Most common location? Bacteria? Mortality? Prognosis? Recurrence?

- septic peritonitis - 2/3rds were left sided and 1/3rd associated with neoplasia - E.coli and Clostridium - 8/38 - Good if survived to discharge - uncommon

Dobberstein et al VetSurg 2024- 3 vs 5 mm laproscopic liver bx forceps in cats: Which technique provided more hepatic lobules and portal triads? Which technique had greatest tissue trauma? Which forcep size provided diagnostic quality samples?

- twist and pull - twist + pull - both

Dobberstein et al VetSurg 2022- NSAID GI ulcers repaired primarily: What cofounding factors lead to the ulcers? Location of ulcers? Survival rate? What was associated with PO mortality?

- 82% were also on steroids; on higher doses, more frequent or longer duration than recommended - upper GI - 82% - PO vassopressors (9.03 increased risk), elevated lactate (2 increased risk)

Duffy et al VetSurg 2022- Compared barbed suture oversew (uni and bidirectional) vs normal suture on stapled jejunal enterectomy: Was an initial or maximums leakage pressure difference seen between groups? What is the advantage of using barded suture?

- No difference - 18% faster

Duffy et al VetSurg 2022- Compare no crotch, simple interrupted, 2 interrupted, and simple continuous crotch suture for stapled enterectomies: Which had the greatest initial leakage pressure?

2 simple interrupted and simple continuous > interrupted>>>>> no suture

Duffy et al VetSurg 2021- Staple line reinforcement after partial gastrectomy: Which techniques increased leakage pressure?

Hand-sewn double layer inverting and inverting Cushing; no difference between the 2

Dunn et al Vet Rad 2024- CT feature of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: % that are well defined masses? % with contrast enhancement? Location? Other most common finding?

- 93% - 90% - 47% right and 33% left - 57% peri-pancreatic fat stranding, 57% lymphadenopathy, 33% have free fluid

Economu et al JFMS 2022- Tx of intrahepatic shunts: What was the most common location? What was the tx of choice? What % developed PANS? Mortality?

- left divisional (7), > 3 central division, and 2 right divisional - 3 acute complete attenuation and 8 partial - 50% - 17%

Fontes et al JAVMA 2023- Modified vs traditional closed anal sacculectomy: What was the long term advantage of the modified technique? What was the complication rate of the modified and traditional technique? Which had the advantage in terms of recurrence, metastasis and survival?

- No advantage established - traditional 8.6 +14.3% vs modified 12.7+ 21.8% - Neither

Franca et al JSAP 2024- Bilat anal sacculectomy for unilat AGASACA: Common signalment? Presence of bilat disease? % hypercalcemic? Most common other disease diagnosed? Complication rate?

- Spaniel and Labs Males - 20% - 32% - anal sacculitis in 66% - 14% (9% related to primary tumor removal)

Fruehwald et al JAVMA 2024- Mesenteric volvulus in police dogs: % that had undergone lap pexy? % that had not undergone lap pexy%

- 2.4% - 0.3% 7.2 times greater odds of mesenteric torsion in dogs that had lap pexy but low incidence limits statistical power

Genoni et al JSAP 2024- Stapled RnA with endoGIA in dogs < 10 kg and cats: Minor complication rate? Major complication rate? Survival rate?

- 5/25 - 0 - 100%

Gollnick et al JFMS 2023- Tx of linear and discrete FB: % which developed septic peritonitis? Survival rate? What was predictive of linear FB? Who was more likely to develop a SSI?

- 0% - 100% - Higher BCS, higher albumin, higher ASA score, longer sx and hospitalization - Linear FB

Garcia et al VetSurg 2024: Transsplenic agitated saline injection to confirm attenuation of EHPSS: What confirmed complete occlusion? Success rate? Complication rate?

- Absence of microbubbles in the cardiac chambers - 100% - 0%

Gondolfe and Hans JSAP 2024- Intestinal biopsies during cholecystectomy for GB mucocele: How frequently was enteritis detected? What was the most common type of enteritis? Did enteritis severity have an association with survival? with elective or emergent chole?

- 85.9% - 53.5% was lymphoplasmacytic - No - No

Griffin et al JAVMA 2023- Massive AGASACA: How as massive defined? What % had mets? What % was hypercalcemic? Complication rate? PO fecal incontinence rate? Recurrence?

- > 5 cm - 64.3% - 53.6% - 14.3% intra-op and 35.7% PO - 0% - 37%

Hernon et al VetSurg 2023- Flushing the CBD during cholecystectomy: What blood parameters decreased PO? Was a difference seen between flushed and unflushed group? Survival rate?

- serum bilirubin, ALP, ALT, adn cholesterol - No - 90.3%

Hiebert et al JFMS 2022 What was the intestinal dehisence rate? Mortality rate? What was predictive of mortality?

- 1/126 cats - 18.2% - Pre-op septic abdomen and developing hypothermia within 25-72 hours of surgery

Hoffman et al JVECC 2022- Pre-op predictors of enterectomy vs enterotomy: On univariant analysis what factors predicted enterectomy? What factors remained after multiple logistic regression?

- Longer history of illness, anorexia, higher vomiting severity score, worse perfusion parameters, and altered peritoneal details on radiographs - Higher heart rate and higher vomiting severity score

James et al JSAP 2024- Celcal and colonic surgeries: PO dehisence rate? Was complication rate different between full thickness and partial thickness surgeries? What was associated with dehisence?

- 8.5% - No - hand-sewn anastomosis

Janas et al VetSurg 2024- Cats with EHPSS treated with ameroid constrictors: % excellent long term outcomes? Complication rate? Rate of seizures? Rate of acute central blindness?

- 88.9% - 25% - 1/20 (3 weeks PO after keppra was tapered) - 5 pre and 2 post

Jeong et al VetRad 2024- CT to distinguish perianal tumor originating from the anal sac and those originating from the perianal glands: What was identified to distinguish between the 2 tumors?

- AGASACA was more likely unilateral, had a higher prevalence of anal displacement, have mets, and lower median volume

Jimeno Sandoval et al JSAP 2022- Anal sacculectomy for non-neoplasia: Minor complication rate? Long term complication rate?

- 50% - 0%

Jones et al JVECC 2023- GI pneumatosis: What is it? Most common sites? Associated diseases? % sx? Survival?

- Diffuse intramural gas within the GI tract - stomach> colon> small intestine - GDV, hemorrhagic diarrhea, GI ulcers - 20% - 20% of sx treated and 54% of medically managed

Larose et al VetSurg 2023- indocyanine green for near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography: Which dose of dye provided the best delineation of the biliary tree? What depth does the light reach?

- Low dose, higher dose has lower target to-background ratio and takes longer to clear - 5-10 mm

Larose et al VetSurg 2023- 3 mm vs 5 mm laproscope for liver bx in small dogs: Level of agreement? Highest crush score? Highest fragmentation score?

- High - 3 mm - No difference

Kondo et al JSAP 2022- Lap cholecystectomy using a subserosal layer dissection technique: % of dogs that had >90% subserosal layer dissection achieved? Conversion rate? Hemorrhage rate? Reopertation rate?

-79% - 8.8% - 0 - 0

Lhuillery et al VetSurg 2021- Rapid vs prolonged stabilization for GDV: What was considered prolonged stabilization? Survival rate? What as associated with increased in-hospital mortality?

- > 5 hours - Did not differ between groups - hyperlactatemia 24 hours post initial fluid resuscitation

Lee et al VetRad 2022- CT findings between SI adenocarcinoma, LSA and spindle cell sarcoma: What distinguished: Adenocarcinoma? LSA? Spindle cell sarcoma?

- Endophytic growth, contrast enhanvement adn a heterogenous enhancement pattern - exophytic growth, contrast enhancement of mucosal layer, homogeneous enhancement pattern, presence of lymphadenopathies - lobular growth, large cystic protrusions, heterogenous enhancement patterns, large size with fat stranding sign and lower HU post constrast

Lopez et al JAVMA 2021- Out patient GI surgery: Dehisence rate? What was associated with dehisence?

- 6.6% - RnA, increased ASA, increased age

Lozano et al JSAP 2023- GI obstruction: % with a metabolic alkalosis or mixed disturbance? % with normal acid-base status? % whose acid-base status changed resolved PO? % PO mixed disturbance? % hypokalaemia?

- 22% - 37% - 100% - 35% -66.4%

Veytsman et al VetSurg 2023- Feline insulinomas: Mortality rate? Median OST Give 1/2 tablet by mouth every 24 hours? Hypoglycemia relapse?

- 10% - 8963 days - 38.9% of a median time of recurrence 214 days

Velay et al JAVMA 2024- Single-layer full thickness simple continuous suture pattern for gastric wall closure vs double layer closure; what was the difference in survival rate?

No difference

Luce et al JAVMA 2022- Pancreatic-specific lipase test with and without GI FB: What % of dogs had an abnormal cPL SNAP? What was associated with elevated cPL SNAP?

- 12% of FB and 16% of non-FB - increasing age

van Blokland-Post JVIM 2023- Prediction of post-attenuation seizures after sx for EHPSS: What % developed seizures? What risk factors were identified?

- 5/85 - age, WBCs, and expression of hepaticyte growth factor activator adn LysM and putative peptidoglycan-binding domain-containing protein 2

Wallace et al JAVMA 2022- Tx of EHPSS in dogs > 5 years: Did surgery impact outcome? What was the most common type of shunt? Mortality rate with surgery?

- Led to longer survival times, decreased cx, and reduced medical tx needs - 36.2% were portoazygous - 7.3%

Williams and Monnet VetSurg2023- Use of unidirectional barbed suture in GI sx: Dehisence rate? % that developed adhesions?

- 0% - not more than any other option

Williams et al VetSurg 2020- What microorganisms were associated with SSIs PO GI sx ? SSI rate?

- Most common was E coli and other GI flora - 7%

White et al JAVMA 2021- GDV immediate decompressive vs delayed sx tx: What was done additional to stabilize the delayed sx group? Mortality rate in delayed group? % of dogs an orogastric tube could not be passed? What indicated a need for emergent surgery?

- Pass an orogastric tube and gastric lavage - 9% (within reported range) - 7% (previous 25%) - inability to pass the orogastric tube (not the hemorrhagic contents of the gastric lavage

Walton-Clark et al JSAP 2025- Overall incidence of ammonium urate stones? % in EHPSS patients vs IHPSS? Ammonia levels in affected dogs?

- 19.3% - 32.2% vs 8% - Significantly lower

M de Souza et al JFMS 2023- Pill dispenser tips FB ingestion: How frequently was vomiting induced? How frequently was the tip recovered with vomiting? How many had endoscopy? How many pooped it out?

- 13/15 - 5 - 9 - 1

Maggiar et al JAVMA 2024- Intestinal full thickness needle-core bx via laparotomy: Minor complication rate? Leakage rate? Agreement between needle-core and incisional biopsy?

- 10% - 0% - 100%

Mann et al JAVMA 2023- Incisional gastropexy with and without 2 full-thickness stomach to body wall sutures: Where were the additional sutures placed? Complication rate?

- at the cranial and caudal end of the incision - No different than other complication rates

Manzoni et al JSAP 2023- Oropharyngeal Stick injuries causing abscesses: How frequently where vegetal FB identified on CT? In Sx? % of cases with resolution of cx?

- 11/39; 10/11 - 11 of the sx found FB adn 26/28 of the FB identified on CT

Marconato et al JVIM 2024- Relevance of mesenteric LN bx in SI lymphoma in cats: What % of LN had neoplastic infiltration? What % of these were small cell lymphoma?

- 43.1% - 29.2%

Marti et al VetSurg 2024- Sx tx of sialoceles in cats: Most common cx? Recurrence? Development of contralateral sialoceles? Cause? Glands affected?

- Dysphagia and ptyalism - None - None - None identified - sublingual and mandibular

Miller et al VetSurg 2025- Did cooled feline intestine and fresh intestine differ in enterotomy leak pressure testing?

Yes

Miller et al VetSurg 2024- Hand-sewn vs skin stapler for RnA: Which took longer to complete? Leakage rate?

- Hand-sewn - 15% hand-sewn vs 40% stapler

Miller et al VetSurg 2024- Linear vs discrete SI FB in cats: Dehiscence rate? Survival rate?

- Rare and didn't differ between cases - 98.2% linear vs 97% discrete

Maxwell et al VetSurg 2021- Immediate vs delayed sx tx of GI FB: What was considered delayed tx? What was more common with delayed sx? What was more common with immediate sx?

- Tx 6 hours post presentation - intestinal necrosis and perforation - earlier return to feeding and earlier discharge

Maurice et al JSAP 2024- Finney and Jaboulay pyloroplasties for benign gastric outlet lesions: How much did the lumen size increase? Major complication rate?

- 12 times with Finney, 7.2 times with Jaboulay, vs 4.5 times with Heineke-Mikulizc - 0%

Matz et al VetSurg 2022- Use of a TA stapler for typhlectomy, was difference in leakage pressure detected between stapler sizes?

Quitzan et al VetSurg 2022- Influence of staple line number and configuration on SI leakage with RnA, what pattern of staples had the lowers leakage?

3 rows of staples in the transverse line with or without the third row of vertical staple line

Mullen et al VetSurg 2020- Comparison of 6 intestinal anatomoses techniques, what was the main finding?

All initial leakage pressures exceeded maximum intraluminal peristaltic pressure

Mullen et al VetSurg 2021- Saline vs air for leak testing: Which showed leaks at lower pressures? Which had the highest maximum intraluminal pressure? Where did leakage occur?

- Air - Similar - along the suture tracts

Mullen et al VetSurg 2023- Use of sidestream dark field vidoemicroscopy to measure intestinal viability: Was a difference in microvascularity identified? Did suturing or stapling have more of an impact on microvascularity?

- Decreased at the site of obstruction compared to health bowel but not between subjectively viable and non-viable intestine - No difference identified

Mullen et al VetSurg 2023- Real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in GDV: How many GDVs were subjectively nonviable vs infrared non-viable? What stomachs had the lowest fluorescence intensities?

- 3 vs 4 - Viable GDVs and nonviable GDVs compared to control

Mullen et al JAVMA 2021- Leak testing in RnAs hand-sewn vs stapled: Leak test rate? Dehiscence rate? Was a correlation between leak testing and dehiscence identified?

- 27.7% of staples and 72% of hand-sewn - 9% - No with no difference in rate between hand-sewn and stapled

Mullins et al VetSurg 2021- Postattenuation neurologic signs for PSS: PANS rate? PAS rate? Risk factors?

-1.6-27.3% - 0-18.2% - Pre-op hepatic encephalopathy, increased age, and EHPSS (+/- JRTs, pugs, and maltese)

Mur et al VetRa 2024- Radiographic findings of a 360 degree GDV? Sensitivity of radiographs?

- Severe gastric distendion with normal pyloric position with esophageal gas but not intestinal - 50%

Meric et al JVIM 2023- Colorectal polyps: Most common breed? Median time to recurrence? MST? What was associated with recurrence?

- Westies - Not reached at 2000 days - 1640 days - Westies and larger polyp size

Laureano et al JFMS 2023- Feline minor salivary gland adenocarcinoma: Signalment? MST? Reason for euthanasia?

- 9-15 year old, altered cats - 787 days - local recurrence and decreased quality of life

Moore et al VetSurg 2023- Divisional location of liver masses: Which division was associated with higher morbidity? Which division was associated with higher mortality?

- Right divisional (88% higher chance of intra-op complications) - None

Pawenski et al JFMS 2023- Histopath of cats with small intestinal obstruction secondary to trichobezoars: Most common histopath finding? Which signalment was most likely to have lymphoma?

- neutrophilic inflammation and mucosal erosion at the site of obstruction vs lymphoplasmacytic if bx elsewhere - > 10 years of age

Pascarella et al JAVMA 2025- Gastroduodenal ulcers in dogs with IHPSS: How many were diagnosed prior to coil embolization? Post? What factors were associated with severity?

- 5 - 6 - None

Park et al JAVMA 2025- Colonic torsion/volvulus: % with pre-existing GI disease? % with previous gastropexy? % with resolution at time of surgery? Mortality rate? % which later developed mesenteric torsion?

- 46.4% - 32.1% - 35.7% - 7.1% - 7.1%

Pan et al JAVMA 2023- Did 2 full-thickness simple interrupted sutures added to gastropexy add to the biomechanical strength? What was the mechanism of failure?

- Yes there was a higher failure load and work to failure - Gastric tissue tearing

Puzio et al JVECC 2023- Antiemetic admin in cases of FB: Did admin delay definitive care? Did admin increase sx complication rate? What was associated with increased FB-associated complication rate?

- Yes - No - Longer duration of Cx prior to intervention

Poggi et al VetSurg 2022- Laparoscopic PSS attenuation: Which shunts were the most challenging to find? What % of shunts could not be found? What % developed PO portal hypertension? Conversion rate?

-Anyones which were not in the epiploic foramen - 14.3% (related to lack of experience) - 4/20 - 25% ( early cases/learning curve)

Poggi et al VetSurg 2024- Laparoscopic pancreatic mass removal: What was the range of mass diameter? How many were neoplastic? PO pancreatitis rate?

- 12-65 mm - 11/12 - 1/12

Pleeging et al JFMS 2022- Intra-socket honey after tooth extraction, what was the main finding?

- Reduced redness at 3 and 7 days and improved mucoperiosteal flap viability and wound healing with no adverse effects

Strickland et al VetSurg 2021- Postattenuation neurologic signs PO PSS attenuation in cats: Rate of PANS? Risk factors identified?

- 62% - Lower osmolality 24 hours PO

Sunlight et al VetSurg 2022- IHPSS coil embolization: PO Protein C concentrations? What caused higher Protein C levels? What was higher Protein C levels associated with?

- increased in 78.7% by 38.7% - Complete occlusion - excellent PO status

Sutton et al JSAP 2022- CT staging for AGASAC: Iliosacral LN met rate? Pulmonary met rate? % with pulmonary mets and no LN mets?

- 71% - 11% - 0% No association between size of anal mass and presence LN metastasis

Swieton et al JAVMA 2022- Ventral vs lateral sialoadenectomy: Difference in intra-op and PO complications? Recurrence rate?

- None - 8% in lateral and 17% in ventral

Swieton et al VetSurg 2024- For portocaval subtype of EHPSS was surgery or medical management associated with better outcomes

- Surgery had greater proportion of improved blood work parameters, larger relative change in values and better good outcomes

Talbot et al JVIM 2022- Pancreatic fluid accumulation in dogs: What was the characteristics of the fluid? Which group did better, surgical or medical?

- Aseptic (11/15) and neutrophilic inflammation - medical management was a viable treatment option

Terai et al JAVMA 2022- Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: Prevalence? CT findings? Intrahepatic met rate? MST?

- 4.6% - Massive hepatic mass with cyst like lesions in 13/14 - 14.3% - 700 days

Thompson et al VetSurg 2024- Cyanoacrylate to close enterotomies: Difference in leakage pressure with glue alone? Did the addition of glue over sutures increase leakage strength?

- Lower than sutures - Yes

Tipirneni et al JAVMA 2025- Risk factors for canine oral neoplasia: Incidence? What was associated with occurance?

- 4.59/1000 - Not associated with air quality index, geographic location, and periodontal disease

Stecyk et al JAVMA 2022- Long term outcomes associated with resection of the ileocolic junction: % of cases with good long term outcomes? Most common long term cx?

- 50% of dogs and 73% of cats - 50% muscle loss, 33% low taurine, diarrhea and weight loss

Spies et al VetSurg 2024- EHPSS > 15 kg: Most common breed? Mortality?

- Goldens - The same as small breeds (7%)

Solari et al JSAP 2024- Concurrent IHPSS and vertebral lesions: What vertebral lesions were seen? Tx of vertebral lesions?

- Discospondylitis and vertebral physitis - Abx tx causing clinical resolution in 100%

Solari et al JAVMA 2022- Percutaneous transvenous coil embolization for IHPSS in small/toy breeds: Complication rate intra-op? PO? Survival to discharge? Cx resolution?

- 20% and 5% - 100% - 95%

Smith et al JAVMA 2025- Outpatient GI FB sx: 2 week survival rate? What was associated with non-survival? What % of owners felt burdened by outpatient care?

- 95% - higher albumin, creat, BUN, intestinal perforation - 2/20

Rahn et al VetSurg 2023- PO opioid use and SSI rate after Nocita for GI FB: Effect on fentanyl use? SSI rate?

- Taper was faster -10.7% with nocita vs 2.9% without

Sliman et al JAVMA 2025- Fluid resuscitation prior to GI FB: What did longer resuscitation do? What did boluses do?

- decrease anesthetic interventions, decease anesthetic fluid rate and boluses admin, and slower return to eating - increase anesthetic interventions, increase the need for colloids

Skarbek et al VetRad 2023- When are insulinomas and their mets most conspicuous on CT?

- Late arterial phase

Sharma et al VetSurg 2020- Juvenile oral SCC: Common signalment? Recurrence rate? Met rate?

- Medium to large breed females (English Cockers and shetland sheepdogs) - 0% - 0%

Serrano et al JVIM 2022- Combos of diet, lactulose and metro for pre-sx EHPSS: Which combo decreased cx after 4 weeks? Did the addition of metronidazole for 2 weeks prior to sx change cx?

- hepatic support diet + lactulose - No

Serrano et al JVIM 2023- Pancreatic lipase measurement post EHPSS attenuation, what was the main findings?

Serial monitoring did not prove useful to identify multiple acquired PSS formation (in contrast to recent other study)

Schiavone et al JVECC 2025- G-tube placement in dogs: Complication rate? Risk factors for complication?

- 6.7% (6% inflammation and 0.7% septic peritonitis) - None identified

Sapora et al VetSurg 2021- Hand-sewn vs circular stapled anastomosis of large intestine: Which had higher leakage pressure? Which suture type had an improved seal? What staple height was best?

- Hand-sewn - Unidirectional barbed suture (but not a higher leakage pressure) - 4.8 mm (3.5 mm was more unpredictable in 4/6)

Sandoval et al JAVMA 2025- Rectal Plasmacytomas: Met rate? Complication rate? Recurrence rate? Risk factors for recurrence? % which progressed to multiple myeloma?

- 10% - 21% - 31.5% - increased distance from the anus, incomplete surgical margins, and decreased surgeon experience - 0%

Sanders et al VetSurg 2024- Comparison of anastamosis techniques in cats: Which techniques were compared? Which was found to be inferior? Which was found to be superior?

- Hand sewn (simple interrupted, simple continuous), stapler, stapler + oversewn, skin stapler - None - None though stapler was faster then handsewn

Salonen et al VetRad 2024- Rectum and prostate after perineal hernia repair: What was noted about rectal dimensions before and 3 months post-sx? What % of colons were flexure shaped? What was noted about the prostate before and 3 months post-sx?

- They were sig larger than the intrapelvic dimensions at both time points - 69.2% pre-op vs majority were straight PO - Number of intraprostatic cysts was sig lower PO but the position didn't change

Saeki et al JVECC 2022- Peri-op changes in pancreatic lipase activity PO, what was the main finding?

It significantly increased PO after all sx

Sabetti et al JSAP 2024- Tx of non-neoplastic proximal duodenal ulcers: Tx protocol? What vascular pattern was seen? Where were ulcers located? What % responded to medical management? Median survival time?

- Endoscopic diagnosis and initiation of medical treatment, if no resolution either endoscopic electrocauterisation or sx - submucosal vascular network with prominent venous plexus in first half inch of duodenum - Mesenteric portion of the wall - 50% - 107.5 days

Rogers et al JFMS 2024- Robenacoxib after GI sx: Major complication rate? Minor complication rate? Major finding?

- 2.3% with Onsior vs 12.6% with control - 20.9% with Onsior vs 18% with control Robenacoxib did not increase the major complication rate

GIT Flashcards

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