Globalisation

Question 1

What is globalisation?

Answer 1

The process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected.

Movement of goods, people, culture occur with little or no barriers.

Question 2

What is time space convergence?

Answer 2

Distance is travelled over a shorter time.

Question 3

What are the causes of globalisation?

Answer 3

1. Better transport links
2. Cheaper flights, and development of countries as incomes rise (tourism reasons)
3. General increase in population
4. Growth of TNCs - selling products to countries, factories in countries, raw materials
5. Improvement of technology - social media and the media (news)
6. Breakdown of social-political barriers - increasing acceptance of other cultures
7. Improving education - increasing awareness of other countries
8. Wars and foreign conflicts
9. Sports e.g. Olympics facilitates

Question 4

What are the positive impacts of globalisation?

Answer 4

1. Can talk to other people
2. Experience of other cultures
3. Increased efficiency on computers - banking, transport, shopping etc.
4. Increases awareness of global issues e.g. deforestation
5. Development of areas involved with TNCs:
   
   • Increased employment
   • Development of services
   • Increased investment
6. Help during global disasters - aid to LEDCs

Question 5

What are the negative impacts of globalisation?

Answer 5

1. Worries about ‘Americanisation’ of culture - McDonaldisation, everywhere the same
2. More pollution as people travel around
3. Tensions with migrants
4. TNCs may exploit workers in LEDCs and pay them low wages, abuse of regulations
5. Most funds go to home country - benefits MEDCs most
6. Increased competition of local small businesses with TNCs, monopolisation
7. Prices go up as resources decrease
8. Increased spread of disease e.g. ebola, AIDS
9. Increase in global conflict

Question 6

What is a TNC?

Answer 6

Trans-National Corporation - companies that operate in more than 1 country.

Question 7

Characteristics of countries TNCs site in?

Answer 7

• Less developed or NICs
• Cheap labour
• Cheap land
• Less regulation
• Skilled workers
• Large labour force
• Good transport links to export

Question 8

Characteristics of countries TNCs sell to?

Answer 8

1. High demand for particular good
2. Affluent population
3. High population - large market
4. Less competition if does not produce good itself
5. Few regulations / rules selling product
6. Low tax and tariffs
7. Good transport links - access to a coast
8. Culture influences - e.g. no pork in Israel (glocalisation)

Question 9

How does an TNC operate?

Answer 9

1. Source raw materials from one country
2. Site factory in another
3. Sell produce to another