Greece

Question 1

What geographic factors contributed to organization into city-states?

Answer 1

Mountains that created barriers and divided people

Question 2

How did geographic factors contribute to maritime trade?

Answer 2

They had limited good land for farming and few rivers to irrigate the land so they turned to the sea so they could trade for goods

Question 3

How did geographic factors contribute to the establishment of colonies?

Answer 3

Since the soil wasn’t fertile they sailed around the Mediterranean Sea and established new colonies and shipped home crops from the colonies

Question 4

Why is ancient Greece known as the birthplace of Western Civilization?

Answer 4

Greece established an advanced civilization that influenced modern democratic government

Question 5

Describe the geographic location of Athens

Answer 5

Neat the Aegean Sea in Central Greece

Question 6

Describe the cultural focus of Athens

Answer 6

trading for goods and art

Question 7

Describe the status of women in Athens

Answer 7

couldn’t vote, stay home, no property

Question 8

Style of government in Athens

Answer 8

democracy

Question 9

Geographic location of Sparta

Answer 9

On the Peloponnesian peninsula in Southern Greece

Question 10

cultural focus of Sparta

Answer 10

military and army

Question 11

status of women in Sparta

Answer 11

could own land and speak in public, but could not vote

Question 12

Style of government in Sparta

Answer 12

oligarchy

Question 13

Why were the characteristics of Athens and Sparta so different from each other?

Answer 13

Very different geography and culture

Question 14

what is the concept of the polis in Greek city-states?

Answer 14

A body of citizens in a democracy that hold the law

Question 15

Describe the three principles of Athenian direct democracy

Answer 15

Citizenship - males over 18 with Athenian fathers have rights and duties as citizens

Civic participation - citizens work together to make a difference in the community

The Rule of Law - everyone must be regulated by law

Question 16

How is a greek democracy radically different fro a monarchy and a theocracy?

Answer 16

Monarchy - ruled by one person, inherited by family

Theocracy - ruled by religious leader, God allows them to rule

Democracy - determined by people voting

Question 17

How might the perspective of women or slaves with regard to Athenian democracy differ from the perspective of male citizens?

Answer 17

Women and slaves had no political rights so their interests could not be heard, but males were the opposite. They could help shape laws.

Question 18

How did Greek democracy influence modern democratic governments?

Answer 18

They influenced the structure of modern democratic governments which are based on citizen involvement

Question 19

How did the Persian Wars impact Athens and Sparta

Answer 19

It forced them to work together, but after the wars it caused problems and they no longer trusted each other

Question 20

What caused the Peloponnesian Wars?

Answer 20

Sparta was scared of losing influence as Athens got more power, so they attacked

Question 21

What was the result of the Peloponnesian Wars?

Answer 21

Sparta was victorious and an oligarchy ruled Athens

Question 22

How did Alexander the Great impact culture

Answer 22

spread Greek culture known as Hellenistic culture, which affected art, architecture, language, theatre and philosophy

Question 23

How did Alexander the Great impact government?

Answer 23

He and his armies set out to expand the Greek empire by conquering people in different countries and creating one of the largest empires in history, showing how a single ruler could control it

Question 24

How did Alexander the Great impact trade and economy?

Answer 24

His empire had larger populations that needed goods and services so it encouraged growth of markets. And it led to creating money

Question 25

Describe a fable

Answer 25

Aesop, animals as characters

Question 26

What is the impact of fables on later civilization

Answer 26

teaches a moral lesson, made into storybooks, cartoons and plays

Question 27

Describe a myth

Answer 27

story involving gods, heroes, or supernatural events used to explain the world and teach lessons

Question 28

what is the impact of myths on later civilization

Answer 28

today we frequently reference greek myths in plays, literature and everyday life - Pandora's Box

Question 29

describe an epic

Answer 29

Homer, a long narrative poem recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical figure

Question 30

Impact of epics on later civilization

Answer 30

shaped literature, storytelling of heroes

Question 31

describe comedy as one form of greek drama

Answer 31

Made fun of people who the audience would know, ex. play that made fun of philosopher Socrates

Question 32

Impact of comedies on later civilization

Answer 32

modern books and movies reflect their themes, and acting troops perform modern versions of these plays

Question 33

describe tragedy as one form of greek drama

Answer 33

showed a person who had a tragic flaw that caused them to make a big mistake and led to their downfall (like rage)

Question 34

impact of greek tragedies on later civilization

Answer 34

playwrights from western civilization used ideas for their own literature, like William Shakespeare whose characters in his tragedies have tragic flaws

Question 35

Describe the study of history in ancient Greece

Answer 35

They started recording events for future generations, providing a written record of actual past events

Question 36

How has the work of Herodotus and Thucydides had an enduring impact on later civilizations

Answer 36

they were famous for their accounts of wars and they shaped how later civilizations record and understand the past.

Question 37

Contributions of Socrates

Answer 37

Founder of western philosophy

Question 38

Impact of Socrates on Education and Western Culture

Answer 38

Inspired thinkers and scientists to question the world around them

Question 39

Contributions of Plato

Answer 39

philosopher, writer, mathematician - wrote Republic, where he described his vision of the ideal state

Question 40

Impact of Plato on Education and Western Culture

Answer 40

created the first higher learning institution in the western world

Question 41

Aristotle's contributions

Answer 41

Plato's student - philosopher, teacher, researcher, writer (tutored Alexander the Great)

Question 42

Impact of Aristotle on Education and Western Culture

Answer 42

Founded a school called the Lyceum

Question 43

Describe the architectural elements of Greek temples

Answer 43

rectangular temples with tall columns

Question 44

Explain the enduring impact of Greek architecture

Answer 44

elements of Greek architecture are still used today (government buildings, universities)

Question 45

How are the Acropolis of Athens and Parthenon alike?

Answer 45

Both honored the goddess Athena

Question 46

How are the Acropolis of Athens and Parthenon different?

Answer 46

Acropolis is the high retreat where temples were built Parthenon is the most famous building on the Acropolis of Athens

Question 47

What is an astrolabe used for?

Answer 47

Determine position of stars and planets and estimate time of year or time of day. More advanced versions used for navigation

Question 48

What is a pulley block?

Answer 48

Machine used to help lift heavy objects; has wheel around where a rope or cord is attached

Question 48

What the impact of astrolabe on later civilizations?

Answer 48

Used for navigation during the Age of Exploration in the late 1400s and 1500s

Question 49

How did a pulley block impact later civilizations?

Answer 49

Changing how people built and worked - could lift boats out of water, move materials

Question 50

What is a wood screw?

Answer 50

simple machine used to join things together or transfer force One of the earlier uses was in a screw press

Question 51

What is the impact of wood screws on later civilizations?

Answer 51

today's metal screws use the simple design of the earliest wood screws

Question 52

what is ore smelting and casting?

Answer 52

allows humans to create metal objects including tools

Question 53

what is the impact of ore smelting and casting on later civilizations?

Answer 53

helped create metal tools and weapons, created wealth by creating coins and sources of wealth