Gynaecology Flashcards Preview

CB Obstetrics and Gynecology > Gynaecology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Gynaecology Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is the first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea?

A

B-hCG - the most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy

2
Q

What is the term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods?

A

Menometrorrhagia

3
Q

What is the cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, and a history of D&C?

A

Asherman syndrome

4
Q

What is the therapy for PCOS?

A

Weight loss and OCPs, consider metformin

5
Q

What medication is used to induce ovulation?

A

Clomiphene citrate

6
Q

What diagnostic step is required in a postmenopausal woman who presents with vaginal bleeding?

A

Endometrial biopsy

7
Q

What are the indications for MEDICAL treatment of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Patient is stable

Enraptured ectopic pregnancy of <3.5cm at <6weeks gestation

8
Q

What are the medical options for endometriosis?

A

OCPs
Danazol
GnRH agonists

9
Q

What are the laparoscopic findings in endometriosis?

A

Powder burns

Chocolate cysts

10
Q

Where is the most common location for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Ampulla of the oviduct

11
Q

How do you diagnose and follow a leiomyoma (fibroid)?

A

Ultrasound

12
Q

What is the natural history of a leiomyoma?

A

Regresses after menopause

13
Q

A patient presents with increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Trichomonal vaginitis

14
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Oral metronidazole

15
Q

What is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge?

A

Intraductal papilloma

16
Q

What contraceptive methods prevent against PID?

A

Barrier contraception (OCP, maybe)

17
Q

Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers?

A

Endometrial cancer

Estrogen receptor + breast cancer

18
Q

A patient presents with recent PID and RUQ pain, what is on your differential?

A

Consider Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

19
Q

A patient presents with itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple.

A

Patent disease (malignant)

20
Q

What is the annual screening for women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer?

A

CA-125

Transvaginal ultrasonography

21
Q

A 50-year-old woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Nonsurgical options?

A

Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence

22
Q

A 30-year-old woman has unpredictable urine loss. Examination is normal. What are the medical options?

A

Anticholinergics (oxybutynin)
B-adrenergics (metaproterenol)
for urge incontinence

23
Q

What lab value is suggestive of menopause?

A

Elevated serum FSH

24
Q

What is the most common cause of infertility?

A

Endometriosis

25
Q

Two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear?
What is the follow-up evaluation?

A

Colposcopy and endocervical curettage

26
Q

Breast cancer type the increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts?

A

Lobular carcinoma in situ