Head And Neck (no Brain)

Question 1

According to the paper, how does the tympanic bulla of brachycephalic breeds differ from non-brachycephalic?

Answer 1

Thicker bulla wall and smaller luminal volume. More likely to have fluid in the middle ear. Dogs that had fluid in middle ear had thicker soft palates

Question 2

What is the bulla lumen volume formula for mesaticephalic and brachycephalic dogs?

Answer 2

-0.0612 + 0.757 [lnBW]. Multiply whole thing by 1/3 for brachycephalic dogs

Question 3

Hereditary laryngeal paralysis affects which 4 dog breeds?

Answer 3

Bouvier des flanders, bull terrier, malamute, and Siberian husky

Question 4

Which lobar bronchus is the most commonly affected (collapse) in brachycephalic airway syndrome?

Answer 4

Left cranial

Question 5

Describe the Leonard grading system for laryngeal collapse.

Answer 5

Grade 1= Evette’s laryngeal saccules

Grade 2= medial collapse of the cuneiform process

Grade 3= medial collapse of the cuneiform and central collapse of the corniculate process

Question 6

What is the grading scheme for caudal aberrant nasal turbinates in brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs?

Answer 6

0, normal, absence of turbinates in the ventral nasal meatus

1, minimal, turbinates in the ventral nasal meatus but not in the nasopharyngeal meatus

2, mild, turbinates in the nasopharyngeal meals but not the choanae

3, moderate, turbinates in the choanae but not the nasopharynx

4,severe, turbinates in the nasopharynx