Histology 5th LE Flashcards by User Unknown

Seminiferous tubules

Stratified cuboidal epithelium resting on the basement membrane

Spermatogonia - spherical nuclei, immediately adjacent to basement membrane

Primary spermatocyte

Spermatids

Sertoli cells (in between cuboidal cells, triangular, blood testis barrier)

Leydig cells - acidophillic, produce testosterone, in between the tubules in the interstital space

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Organ: Pancreas

Islets of Langerhans

Cells of the Pancreas:

Alpha: glucagon
Beta: Insulin
Delta: Somatostatin
F/PP Cells: Pancreatic Polypeptide

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Organ: Pancreas

Islets of Langerhans

Cells of the Pancreas:

Alpha: glucagon
Beta: Insulin
Delta: Somatostatin
F/PP Cells: Pancreatic Polypeptide

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Organ: Thymus

Hassal’s Corupuscle

Endocrine function: Thymopoeitin (for lymphocyte development)

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Organ: Thymus

Hassal’s Corupuscle

Endocrine function: Thymopoeitin (for lymphocyte development)

*notice the lobated areas

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Organ: Thymus

Hassal’s Corupuscle

Endocrine function: Thymopoeitin (for lymphocyte development)

*notice the medullary area which is pale-staining

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Organ: Thymus

Hassal’s Corupuscle

Endocrine function: Thymopoeitin (for lymphocyte development)

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Organ: Parathyroid Gland

Principal cells and oxyphil cells

*Notice that the slide is pale-staining

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Organ: Parathyroid Gland

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Parathyroid gland

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Parathyroid gland

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Organ: Pituitary Gland

Left side is pale staining: Pars nervosa (Posterior Lobe); whitish in appearance due to predominance of nerve fibers; small cells are pituicytes

Right side is darker staining: Anterior Lobe; note acidophillic cells, basophillic cells, and chromophobes

Middle part: Pars intermedia

Cells of the Anterior Pituitary:

Acidophils: more numerous, smalle, secrete less hormones (GH, Somatotropin, Prolactin)
Basophils: less in number, bigger, secrete more hormones (LH, FSH, ACTH, B-LPH, MSH, TSH)
Chromophobes: Do not stain, with central nucleus, non-functional

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Organ: Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

Cells of the Anterior Pituitary:

Acidophils: more numerous, smaller, secrete less hormones (GH, Somatotropin, Prolactin)[pampalaki ng bata at ng boobs]
Basophils: less in number, bigger, secrete more hormones (LH, FSH, ACTH, B-LPH, MSH, TSH) [Stimulating hormones]
Chromophobes: Do not stain, with central nucleus, non-functional

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Cells of the Anterior Pituitary:

Acidophils: more numerous, smalle, secrete less hormones (GH, Somatotropin, Prolactin)
Basophils: less in number, bigger, secrete more hormones (LH, FSH, ACTH, B-LPH, MSH, TSH)
Chromophobes: Do not stain, with central nucleus, non-functional

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Cells of the Anterior Pituitary:

Acidophils: more numerous, smalle, secrete less hormones (GH, Somatotropin, Prolactin)
Basophils: less in number, bigger, secrete more hormones (LH, FSH, ACTH, B-LPH, MSH, TSH)
Chromophobes: Do not stain, with central nucleus, non-functional

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Organ: Pituitary Gland

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Cells of the anterior pituitary

Pinker cells: Acidophils

Bluer cells: Basophils

Non-staining: Chromophobes

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Cells of the anterior pituitary

Light pink cells: Acidophils

Darker pink cells: Basophils

Non-staining: Chromophobes

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Organ: Thyroid Gland with thyroid follicles

Secretions are inside the thyroid follicle. Follicles are filled with colloid.

Lining of thyroid follicles:

Normal: simple cuboidal epithelium
Hypoactive: simple squamois
Very active: simple columnar epithelium

Cell types:

Parafollicular/clear/C cells: on the basal lamina or between follicles, secrete Calcitonin
Follicular epithelial/Principal/F cells: secrete T3 or T4, smaller and darker staining

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Organ: Thyroid Gland with thyroid follicles

Secretions are inside the thyroid follicle. Follicles are filled with colloid.

Lining of thyroid follicles:

Normal: simple cuboidal epithelium
Hypoactive: simple squamois
Very active: simple columnar epithelium

Cell types:

Parafollicular/clear/C cells: on the basal lamina or between follicles, secrete Calcitonin
Follicular epithelial/Principal/F cells: secrete T3 or T4, smaller and darker staining

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Organ: Thyroid Gland with thyroid follicles

Secretions are inside the thyroid follicle. Follicles are filled with colloid.

Pointed structure: Clear cells/C cells/Parafollicular cells

Cell types:

Parafollicular/clear/C cells: on the basal lamina or between follicles, secrete Calcitonin
Follicular epithelial/Principal/F cells: secrete T3 or T4, smaller and darker staining

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Organ: Thyroid Gland with thyroid follicles

Red Arrow: Follicular cells

Blue arrow: Parafollicular cells

Cell types:

Parafollicular/clear/C cells: on the basal lamina or between follicles, secrete Calcitonin
Follicular epithelial/Principal/F cells: secrete T3 or T4, smaller and darker staining

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Organ: Thyroid Gland with thyroid follicles

Notice the more flattened epithelium; Hypoactive thyroid gland

Lining of thyroid follicles:

Normal: simple cuboidal epithelium
Hypoactive: simple squamois
Very active: simple columnar epithelium

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Organ: Thyroid Gland with thyroid follicles

Pointed Structure: Simple cuboidal epithelium; normal thyroid

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Organ: Adrenal Gland Cortex: Lighter area surrounding darker area Medulla: Located at the center, containing spaces for blood vessels *Layers of the cortex:* * *Zona glomerulosa: arched cords, outermost layer, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)* * *zona fasciculata: straight cords, glucocorticoids* * *zona reticulars: irregular cords, androgens (DHEA)*

Organ: Adrenal Gland Cortex: Lighter area surrounding darker area Medulla: derived from neural crest cells; secretes catecholamines via chromaffin cells *Layers of the cortex:* * *Zona glomerulosa: arched cords, outermost layer, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) [target organs are the kidneys]* * *zona fasciculata: straight cords, glucocorticoids* * *zona reticulars: irregular cords, androgens (DHEA)*

Organ: Adrenal Gland, cortex Layers of the cortex: * Zona glomerulosa: arched cords, outermost layer, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) * zona fasciculata: straight cords, glucocorticoids * zona reticulars: irregular cords, androgens (DHEA)

Organ: Adrenal Gland Layers of the cortex: Zona glomerulosa: arched cords, outermost layer, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) zona fasciculata: straight cords, glucocorticoids zona reticulars: irregular cords, androgens (DHEA)

Organ: Adrenal Gland Layers of the cortex: * Zona glomerulosa: arched cords, outermost layer, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) * zona fasciculata: straight cords, glucocorticoids * zona reticulars: irregular cords, androgens (DHEA)

Adrenal gland Zona reticularis: Irregular cords, secreting androgens (DHEA)

Adrenal Medulla Pale-staining chromaffin cells Secretes cathecholamines (epi, norepi)

Adrenal Medulla Embryology: neural crest cells Pale-staining chromaffin cells Secretes cathecholamines (epi, norepi) Note fish-eye appearance of nerve cells

Name the organ

Adrenal gland

Identify the organ

Pituitary gland

Identify organ and significant parts

Kidney with glomerolus Note DCT, PCT, Collecting Tubule Endocrine Part: JG Cells

JG Cell: renin and erythropoietin

Identify the organ

Placenta with mature chorionic villi Note cytotrophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast

Identify and describe significant structures

Chorionic villi Syncitiotrophoblast: at the sides, secreting hCG Cytotrophoblast: centrally located

Identify organ

Organ: Placenta with chorionic villi

Placenta with chorionic villi Note syncitiotrophoblast, and cytotrophoblast

Identify organ

Organ: Vagina

Identify organ and lining epithelium

Organ: Vagina Lining: Stratified Squamous epithelium non-keratinized

Identify organ and epithelium

Organ: Vagina Lining: Stratified Squamous epithelium non-keratinized (wet type; the vagina should be wet)

Identify organ and epithelium

Organ: Cervix Significant structure: Squamo-columnar junction Endocervix and exocervix Simple columnar epithelium-stratified squamous epithelium (wet type) Note endocervical glands

Organ: Cervix Significant structure: Squamo-columnar junction Endocervix and exocervix Simple columnar epithelium-stratified squamous epithelium (wet type) With endocervical glands

Organ: Cervix Significant structure: Squamo-columnar junction Endocervix and exocervix Transition zone: Simple columnar epithelium-stratified squamous epithelium (wet type) With endocervical glands

Transition zone: simple columnar becoming stratified squamous epithelium Take note of the cervical glands

Identify organ

Organ: Vagina Absence of cervical glands

Identify organ

Organ: uterus Notice the bundles of smooth muscles and the glandular area Endometrium (upper half of the slide): Functional and Basal Layer Myometrium (lower half of the slide)

Uterus, Endometrium Functional Layer: supplied by spiral artery Basal Layer: supplied by straight artery

**_Uterus_** **Endometrium** - Functional layer: spiral artery - Basal layer: straight artery **Myometrium** smooth muscle layer

**_Endometrium_** **Layers:** Functional layer Basal Layer

Identify structures

**Endometrial glands** Lining of glands: Simple columnar epithelium

**_Fallopian Tube_** \*with infoldings of mucosa lined by *simple columnar epithelium* *\*note circular muscle surrounding the infoldings, with slips of smooth muscles*

**_Fallopian Tube_** \*with infoldings of mucosa lined by ***simple columnar epithelium*** \*note circular muscle surrounding the infoldings, with slips of smooth muscles

Identify Organ

**Fallopian tube** Note the many mucosal infoldings and simple columnar epithelium lining

**_Fallopian tube_** **Pointed structure:** Peg cells

Fallopian tube Pointed structure: Peg cells in between columnar cells Function of peg cells: secrete fluid for nourishing spermatozoa, oocyte, and zygote

Identify organ:

Organ: Ovary Note follicles of different stages of development. - Primordial ovarian follicle: primary oocute surrounded by single layer of flattened follicular cells - Unilaminar primary ovarian follicle: simple cuboidal epithelium - Multilamina primary ovarian follicle: stratified cuboidal epithelium - Antral/Secondary/Vesicular ovarian follicle: with antrum and zona pellucida, theca interna/externa - Graafian/Mature ovarian follicle: granulosa cells, corona radiata

Identify pointed structure and stage of development

Secondary ovarian follicle with antrum, corona radiata, granulosa later, theca interna, and theca externa

Find the primordial ovarian follicle and identify epithelial lining

Primordial ovarian follicle are the smallest follicles lined with simple squamous epithelium

Corpus Luteum Referrence: Ovarian follicles

Corpus Luteum Referrence: Ovarian follicle

Corpus Luteum Note Syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

Corpus Luteum

Identify the organ

Organ: Prostate Large space: Corpora amylacea \*Fibromuscular part

Organ: Prostate with corpora amylacea: colloidal material in circular structures largest part of this slide: fibromuscular tissue

Prostate gland with: - fibromuscular part - glandular part - colloidal structures (corpora amylacea)

Prostate gland

Organ: Testes Characteristic feature: Seminiferous tubules Outer covering: Tunica albuginea, simple squamous

Identify bracketed area

Orange brackets: Seminiferous tubules Yellow bracket: Leydig cells

identify pointed structures

Orange pointer: spermatocyte Blue pointer: primary spermatocyte green pointer: spermatid Black pointer: Sertoli cells Yellow: Leydig cells

Identify bracketed area

Tunica albuginea

Identify pointed structure:

Sertoli cells, resting on the basement membrane

Sertoli cells

Rete Testes

Rete testes

Identify characteristic structures

Ductus efferentes(scalloping structures) with epidydimis (pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia)

Ductus efferentes with characteristic scallops

Identify whole structure

Spermatic cord \*big circular structure: vas deferens notice the veins and arteries and pampiniform plexus

Ductus efferentes

Epididymis Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia

Identify organ

Epididymis with spermatozoa inside the structures

Epididymis with spermatozoa inside

Identify structures within the spermatic cord

Vas deferens is the largest structure on lower left Upper right: testicular artery Upper left: testicular vein

Spermatic cord and contents of the spermatic cord: vas deferens, testicular artery, testicular vein, pampiniform plexus

Ves deferens Very muscular covering

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicle Notice the many infoldings of the mucosa, with simple columnar epithelium

Seminal vesicle

Identify organ and characteristic structures

Penis with corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and penile urethrea Ischiocavernosus ms.: surrounding cavernosa Bulbospongiosus ms.: surrounding corpus spongiosus \*Review coverings and abdominal continuation of layers of penis and scrotum