Name the strucure
C. Club cell (in a Terminal bronchiole)
Name the strucure
C. Alveolar sac lumen
Name the structure
A. Hyaline cartilage in the nose septum
Name the structure
C. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
Name the structure
C. Condrocytes
Name the structure
B. Hyaline cartilage in the sub-mucosa
Name the structure
D. Bowman’s gland in the Regular bronchiole
Name the structure
B. Intrapulmunary bronchus
Name the structure
E. Lumen of regular bronchiole (no cartilage)
Name the structure
E. Mucos gland
What is the type of epithelium in the alveolar duct?
Simple squamous epithelium cells: pneumocyte type 1 facing the lumen and type 2 are bigger
What are the parts of the conducting part of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx
Function: warming, humidifying, cleaning, and delivery of air
What are the parts of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac and the lung alveoli
Function: where gas exchange take place
Describre the respiratory epithelium (trachea)
- Mucosa: pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelial with goblet cells + lamina propria (loose CT, rich in elastic fibers and capillaries, produces epinephrine and serotonin)
- Submucosa: denser CT and glands, rich in elastic fibers
- Cartilage muscle: part of the submucosa, hyaline cartilage
- Adventia: dense irregular CT
What are the main types of cells in the olfactory cavity?
3 types of cells
- Olfactory cells (bipolar neurons –> one dendrite and one axon)
- Basal cells (sometimes stem cells)
- bowman’s gland under the BM
- microvilli and olfactory cillia (they do not move, only interact with chemicals to catch the odors)
*Brush border but no cilia
What caracterizes the pulmonary bronchus histology appearance?
- RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM (PSEUDOSTRATIFIED) (rich in columnar cells, less goblet cells)
- Lamina propria (smaller)
- No mucosa glands (and fewer number of goblet cells)
- Smooth muscle layer
- Incomplete hyaline cartilage (plates of cartilage surrounded by perochondrium)
What caracterizes the REGULAR bronchiole histology appearance?
- COLUMNAR CILLIATED EPITHELIUM
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria (contain bowman’s glands)
- Thick layer of smooth muscle (parasympathetic stimulation causes contraction and sympathetic stimulation relaxation)
- no goblet cells
- No cartilage
What caracterizes the TERMINAL bronchiole histology appearance?
- Epithelium
- NEW CELL ALERT !!!!!! club cells (unique of small bronchioles), they produce surfactanth
- still a few cilliated columnar cells
- Lamina propria
- Smooth muscle (becoming thinner)
What caracterizes the RESPIRATORY bronchiole histology appearance?
- Epithelium (club cells only)
- Interruptions in the walls to open in the atrium with many lung aveoli facing
- Smooth muscle
What caracterizes the alveolar duct histological appearance?
- Simple squamous epithelium cells
- pneumocyte type 1 facing the lumen
- pneumocytes type 2 are bigger : produce surfactant to avoid the alveolar collapse
- Mucosa wall highly interrupted
- covered in CLARA CELLS (produce surfactant)
- no lamina propria
- Macrophages
- Capillary network passing through
- Elastin and collagen fibers
What are the 3 components of the blood-air barrier?
- Pneumocyte type 1
- Shared basement membrane (make passing CO2/O2 more efficient)
- endothelium cells
What is Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD)?
Lack of Dynein Arms (heavy-chain mutation: DNAH5; human intermediate dynein mutation: DNAI1
- Renders cilia and sperm immotile or dysmotile
- Impaired mucus clearing (bronchiectasis)
- Chronic Sinusitis
- Male Infertility
- Situs Inversus (Kartagener’s syndrome) 50% of patients
What is the consequence of Radial Spoke Protein 2 (RSP) Mutations
Immotile cilia and sperms
By what is caused Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
Deficiency of surfactant
