Freuds Structural Model
Id, ego, superego
Sigmund Freud
Freud’s Structural and Topographical Models of Personality
Set the groundwork for how our personalities developed.
Describe the functions of Freuds Structural Model (id, ego, superego)
Id - we were born with this. It allows us to get our basic needs met. (pleasure principle) wants whatever feels good at the time, not taking in acct. the reality of the situation. ex. child hungry, it cries until need met.
ego - (reality principle) Understands the reality of the situation. Knows that others have needs and screaming when it wants something would hurt others. Its the egos job to meet the needs of the id, while taking in acct the reality of the situation.
superego - (moral part of us) Understands moral and ethical restraints placed on us by caregivers. (conscience) dictates our beliefs of right and wrong.
In a healthy person the ego is the strongest! so it can satisfy the needs of the id and not upset the superego, still taking acct the reality of the situation.
Topographical Model
Freud feels that most of what drives us is in our unconscious. He feels underlying emotions, beliefs, feelings, and impulses are not available in our conscious level.
Role of the unconscious is only one part of the model.
Most of what we are is buried and inaccessible.
Jean Piajet
swiss biologist and psychologist known for model of child development and learning.
based on the developing child builds cognitive structures, in other words, metal maps, schemes, or networked concepts for understanding and responding to physical experiences within his or her environment.
Piaget’s 4 Developmental Stages
- Sensorimotor stage (birth - 2yrs) Object permanence child builds concepts about reality and how it works.
- Preoperational stages (2-7yrs) Not able to conceptualize abstractly.
- Concrete operations (7-11) conceptualizing happens here and abstract problem solving.
- Formal operations (beginning at ages 11-15) This time, cognitive structures is like that of an adult.
Erik Erikson
Theory of psychosocial development is one of the best known theories of personality in psychology. Unlike Freuds theory of psychosexual stages, Eriksons theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Erikson organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death. He broke adulthood up into experiences, young, middle, older adults.
Eriksons Psychosocial Stages
- Infancy: (Birth - 18 mon.) Ego Development Outcome:
Trust vs. Mistrust Oral Sensory Stage Babies put every thing in their mouth. - Early Childhood: (18 Mon-3yrs) Ego Development Outcome:
Autonomy vs. Shame
learn to master skills for themselves. learn to eat, walk, talk etc. - Play Age: 3 to 5 yrs. Ego development
Initiative vs Guilt.
copy the adults, toy phones, barbie and ken. The question Why arises. - School Age. 6 to 12 yrs Industry Vs. Inferiority
Latency state… social stage, unresolved feelings and inadequacy and inferiority among peers. - Adolescence: 12 to 18 yrs. Identity vs. Role Confusion
development depends on what is done to us. depends on primarily on what we do. life gets difficult as we try and find our identity. - Young Adulthood: 18 to 35 Intimacy and Solidarity vs Isolation
we seek one or more companions to love. Relationships, intimate, family and friends. - Middle Adulthood 35 to 55 or 65 Generatively vs self absorption or stagnation
Work is most crucial. Work is most important at this stage. can expect to being in charge. - Late Adulthood 55 or 65 to Death Integrity vs. Despair
Life is preparing for the middle adulthood, and the last stage is recovering from it. We can look back over our lives at this stage.
Margaret Mahler main interest was in normal childhood development, but she spent much of her time with psychiatric children and how they arrive at the SELF. Separation-Individuation Theory of child development. She states these developments takes place in stages.. what are they?
Normal Autistic Phase - First few weeks of life, infant is detached and self absorbed. spends most of the time sleeping.
Normal Symbiotic Phase - Last until 5 months of age. Aware of mother. barrier between them and the world.
Separation-Individuation Phase - development of limits, differentiation between infant and mother/ breaks out of autistic shell.
Hatching - first months. infant ceases to be ignorant of the differentiation between his mother. / Rupture of the shell
Practicing - 9-16 months. crawling and walking. exploring
Rapprochement - 15-24 months. closer to the mother. still wants mother in sight so he can explore.
Beginning - Motivated by desire to share discoveries with the Mother.
Crisis - between staying with the mother, being emotionally close and being more independent and exploring.
Solution - enabled by the development of language and the superego.
Object Constancy - child understands that the mother has a separate identity and is truly a separate individual. Internalization.
