Immunoglobulin structure, function and organisation

Question 1

Immunoglobulins are ______ molecules that are produced by ________ in response to the presence of _________ in a living tissue.

Answer 1

Glycoprotein

plasma cells

an immunogen

Question 2

An Immunogen is a substance usually a ___ that can elicit ___________

Answer 2

protein

an immunologic reaction.

Question 3

A hapten is a (small or large?) molecule that can _____________ only when ___________

Answer 3

Small

elicit an immune response

attached to a carrier protein

Question 4

Valence of an immunoglobulin : Number of _________________

Most are _________
.

Answer 4

antigen binding sites.

bivalent

Question 5

Functions of Immunonoglobulins

Binding to__________ (and self antigens in some disease states causing _______ disorders

_________ fixation

Enhancement of _______

Release of specific __________.

Answer 5

foreign antigens; auto immune

Complement

phagocytosis

cytochemicals

Question 6

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are glycoproteins made up of _______ and ________ polypeptide chains.

Answer 6

light (L) and heavy(H)

Question 7

The simplest antibody molecule has a ____ shape and consists of ____ polypeptide chains:

_____ Heavy chains and ____ Light chains.
The chains are linked by _____ bonds.

Answer 7

Y

four

Two; Two

disulfide

Question 8

The Disulfide bonds are only Inter-chain bonds

T/F

Answer 8

F

Both – Inter-chain and – Intra-chain

Question 9

Immunoglobulin Structure

________ and ________ Regions

_______ Region

Answer 9

Variable & Constant

Hinge

Question 10

Heavy chains are the same for each Of the five Ig classes or isotypes

T/F

Answer 10

F

Heavy chains are distinct for each Of the five Ig classes or isotypes

Question 11

the five Ig classes or isotypes are designated :____,______ ,_____,—— ,____ for the respective classes
of Ig, namely Ig__, Ig__, Ig__, Ig___ and Ig__

Answer 11

γ, α, μ, δ, ε

G, A, M , D, E

Question 12

Human Immunoglobulin Classes

IgG –______ heavy chains
IgM -_____ heavy chains
IgA - ______ heavy chains
IgD - ______ heavy chains
IgE - ______ heavy chains

Answer 12

Gamma

Mu

Alpha

Delta

Epsilon

Question 13

Light chains are one of two types designated ___ and ___ and only
one type is found in each Immunoglobulin.

Answer 13

κ and λ

Question 14

Human Immunoglobulin Light Chain Types

______ (K)

_______ (λ)

Answer 14

Kappa

Lambda

Question 15

L and H chains are subdivided into ______ and ______ regions.

The regions are composed of ______-dimensionally folded, repeating segments called ______.

Answer 15

variable and constant

three

domains

Question 16

Light chain consists of ____ variable (VL) and ____ constant (CL) domain.

Most H chains consist of ____ variable (VH) and ______ constant(CH) domains.

Answer 16

one; one

one; three

Question 17

IgG have______ CH Domains
IgA have ______ CH Domains
IgM have ______ CH Domains
IgE have ______ CH Domains

Answer 17

three
Three

Four
Four

Question 18

Variable Regions , AKA ___________

Constant regions , AKA __________

Answer 18

Antigen binding sites

Effector function

Question 19

Immunoglobulin structure

Each light chain is connected to a heavy chain by _________ and the two heavy chains are connected by ___________

Answer 19

A disulfide bond

two disulfide bonds.

Question 20

Immunoglobulin structure

Antigen binding and effector domains are separated by a ________.

Answer 20

hinge region

Question 21

Immunoglobulin structure

The hinge region allows the __________ domains to ______, enabling them to ________ that are separated by varying __________.

Answer 21

two antigen binding

move

bind antigens

distances

Question 22

Variable (V) and Constant (C) Regions

• V-region lies in ______ portion of molecule
• V-region shows (little or wide?) variation in amino a. sequences which is Responsible for the _________

Answer 22

terminal

Wide

antigen binding.

Question 23

Variable (V) and Constant (C) Regions

• C-region lies in _______ or ______ portion of molecule
• C-region shows ________ amino acid sequence
• It is responsible for ______ functions

Answer 23

carboxyl or terminal

an unvarying

biologic

Question 24

The variable regions are responsible for _________ , while the constant
regions are responsible for various ________ such as ________and ———————-

Answer 24

antigen binding

biologic functions

complement activation

binding to cell surface receptors.

Question 25

Immunoglobulin Fragments: Structure/Function Relationships Fab –__________ Fc – _________

Answer 25

Ag binding Effector functions

Question 26

Immunoglobulin Fragments: Structure/Function Relationships F____ – Ag binding F____ – Effector functions

Answer 26

Fab Fc

Question 27

Immunoglobulin Classes I. IgG Structure: ______ Percentage serum antibodies: ____% Location: Blood, lymph, intestine Half-life in serum:____ days Complement Fixation: Yes or No? Placental Transfer: Yes or No? Known Functions: Enhances ______, neutralizes _________, protects ______________

Answer 27

Monomer 80 23 Yes Yes phagocytosis toxins and viruses fetus and newborn.

Question 28

Immunoglobulin Classes II. IgM Structure: _______ Percentage serum antibodies:____% Location: Blood, lymph, B cell surface (monomer) Half-life in serum:___days Complement Fixation: Yes or No? Placental Transfer: Yes or No? Known Functions: _________ produced during an infection. Effective against microbes and _______________

Answer 28

Pentamer 5-10 5 Yes No First antibodies agglutinating antigens.

Question 29

Immunoglobulin Classes III. IgA Structure: ______ Percentage serum antibodies: ____% Location:_______ , blood and lymph. Half-life in serum: ____ days Complement Fixation: Yes or No? Placental Transfer: Yes or No? Known Functions: Localized _______ of ______. Provides immunity to ________

Answer 29

Dimer 10-15 Secretions 6 No No protection of mucosal surfaces infant digestive tract.

Question 30

Immunoglobulin Classes IgE Structure: _______ Percentage serum antibodies: 0.002% Location: Bound to _____ and ______ throughout body. Blood. Half-life in serum:___ days Complement Fixation: Yes or No ? Placental Transfer: Yes or No? Known Functions: ______ reactions. Possibly ________

Answer 30

Monomer mast cells and basophils 2 No No Allergic; lysis of worms.

Question 31

Immunoglobulin Classes IgD Structure: ________ Percentage serum antibodies: ____% Location: B-cell surface, blood, and lymph Half-life in serum:___ days Complement Fixation: Yes or No? Placental Transfer: Yea or No? Known Functions: In serum function is unknown. On B cell surface, initiate immune response.

Answer 31

Monomer 0.2 3 No No

Question 32

Arrange the IGs in order of : Decreasing half life Decreasing serum percentage

Answer 32

G A M D E G A M D E

Question 33

IGs structure G A M E D

Answer 33

Monomer Dimer Pentamer Monomer Monomer

Question 34

Which IGs can cross placenta?

Answer 34

Only G

Question 35

Which IGs can fix complement?

Answer 35

G M

Question 36

Most IGs decrease in ???

Answer 36

Congenital Aggammaglobulinemia Hypogammaglobinemia Ig deficiency states CLL Lymphoid aplasia

Question 37

In IgG and IgA myeloma , there will be ____ deficiency

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

In IgA myeloma , there will be ____ deficiency

Answer 38

G

Question 39

In IgG myeloma , there will be ____ deficiency

Answer 39

IgA

Question 40

Most IGs increase in ???

Answer 40

chronic infections Their immunoglobulin Myeloma Autoimmune disorders Liver disease

Question 41

In hyperimmnunization, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 41

G

Question 42

In Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 42

M

Question 43

In malaria, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 43

M

Question 44

In Trypanosomosis, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 44

M

Question 45

In atopic skin diseases, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 45

E

Question 46

In anaphylactic shock, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 46

E

Question 47

In asthma , there is increase in Ig____

Answer 47

E

Question 48

In hay fever, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 48

E

Question 49

In eczema, there is increase in Ig____

Answer 49

E