1
Q
1667 William Davent and John Dyrden production
A
- Resonated with restoration audiences
- Ariel accompanied by a female sprite
- Miranda had a sister and Sycorax was Caliban’s sister
2
Q
1674 Thomas Shadwell production
A
- Operatic elements used for the storm
- Storm in Act 2 to accommodate late comers
- Machinery used for staging
3
Q
1838 William Charles Macready production
A
- Caliban was a monster
- Ariel, played by Priscilla Horton, flies on a wire
- Spectacular staging for storm and Masque
4
Q
1873 Daniel Wilson’s ‘Missing Link’
A
- Caliban is the missing link in Darwin’s evolutionary change
- Frank Benson watched monkeys and apes in the zoo to acquire the role
5
Q
20th cen (first half)
A
- Caliban and Ariel are the antithesis of each other
- Ariel is honest, loyal and female
- Caliban is dark, subversive and male
6
Q
1904 Herbert Beerbohm Tree production
A
- Caliban is a hairy, ape-like man, fascinated by the magic of the Island
- Darwinism and British Imperialism
7
Q
1930 Aime Cesaire ‘Une Tempesta’
A
- Portrays plight of African slaves on Martinique
- Ariel is a Mulatto slave
- Caliban is black
8
Q
1932 John Dover
A
- Relates to Shakespeare’s retirement
- Prospero and Miranda symbolise Shakespeare and Judith
9
Q
1936 J. Middleton Murry
A
- Tempest is most symbolic of Shakespeare’s play
- Conclusion of Shakespeare’s careerS
10
Q
20th cen (second half)
A
- Caliban is black (Canada Lee in 1945)
11
Q
1950 Octavia Mannoni
A
- Play offers an explanation to the psychological effects of colonialism
12
Q
1970 Johnathon Miller (Mermaid Theatre)
A
- Caliban and Ariel are both black
- Caliban played by Norman Beaton
- Ariel was educated and takes control at the end
- Caliban is uneducated
- Ariel picks up Prospero’s broken staff and points it at Caliban
13
Q
1978 Georgio Strehler ‘La Tempesta’
A
- Prospero is a stage manager
- Metatheatre
- Ariel’s wires are clipped as he is set free
14
Q
1979 Derek Jarman (film)
A
- Prospero enjoys his enslavement of Ariel
15
Q
1984 Noel Cobb (reading)
A
- Caliban and Ariel are parts of Prospero’s own nature
16
Q
1993 Sam Mendes
A
- Ariel and Caliban were more equal to Prosper, angering him
- Prospero was director
- Ariel walks onto stage with a lantern and it explodes, sailors explode out of the ship
- Caliban is simple and primitive
- Trinculo has a dummy and ventriloquist
- Miranda is a tomboy
- Ariel is aware of his slave status
17
Q
1997 Karin Beier
A
- Multilingual Europe
- 12 actors speak 9 languages
18
Q
1989 Adrian Noble production
A
- Ariel and Caliban are conjured from Prospero’s subconscious
- Ariel covered in white body paint
- Caliban is covered in black slime
19
Q
2002 Michael Boyd RSC
A
- Geff Francis was first RSC black actor to play Caliban
- Emphasised theme of colonialism
20
Q
2010 Julie Traymor film
A
- Helen Mirren plays Prospera
- Right-wing feminist position
21
Q
2011 US
A
- Banned in Tuscon, Arizona due to themes of racism, colonialism and enslavement
22
Q
2013 Jeremy Herrin production
A
- Prospero on a platform during storm
- Jacobean take
- In Shakespeare’s globe
23
Q
2016 RSC production Gregory Doran
A
- SFX
