key phrases

Question 1

postive statement

Answer 1

is a statement of fact. It may be right or wrong, but its accuracy can be tested by appealing to the facts

Question 2

normative statement

Answer 2

is a statement of value: a statement about what ought or ought not to be about whether something is good or bad, desirables or undesirable. They cannot br proved or disproved by a simple appeal to the facts

Question 3

oppotnity cost

Answer 3

t is the value of the next best alternative option foregone

Question 4

what are the three fundamental

Answer 4

what to produce
how to produce
for whom

Question 5

outward shift in the ppf

Answer 5

higher productivity 
better manage,ent of factor inputs 
increase in stock of capital and labour supply 
innovation and indentation 
discovery

Question 6

shift inward ppf

Answer 6

desaturation of recourses
natural diapers
large scale net outward labour migration
a trend decline