Lab cases

Question 1

What is Oral squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Answer 1

• Common malignant oral neoplasm in cats
• Keratinocytes associated with stratified squamous epithelium
• Suggested associates:
  
  • Air pollution, papillomavirus, infections, flea collar, diet, oral hygiene, radiation exposure
• Clinical Manifestations:
  
  • ptyalism, dysphagia, trismus, pain, halitosis, tooth loss, oral hemorrhage, pathologic fractures
• Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia
• Metastasizes late in disease

Question 2

What is Oral Melanotic neoplasia?

“malignant melanoma”

Answer 2

• Highly malignant neoplasia
• Derived from neral crest cells (ectoderml origin)
• In haired skin- are generally much less dangerous
  
  • Melanocytoma
• Metastasize early - often before initial mas is found
• Poor prognosis (3-6mo survival time)

Question 3

What is the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy in a hyperthyroidic cat?

Answer 3

• Thyroid releases excessing T3, T4
• Increases B-adrenergic activity of heart, myocardial contractility and activation of RAAS
  *

Question 4

What are the effects of Chronic Kidney Disease?

Answer 4

• Phosphate retention
  
  • Resistance of bone to PTH
  • Hypocalcemia⇢ increased parathyroid hormone
  • Decreased Ca retention
  • Hyperparathyroidism
• Decreased Vit D activation
  
  • Hypocalcemia ⇢ increased parathyroid hormone
  • Decreased Vit D retention
  • Hyperparathyroidism

Question 5

What is the pathogenesis of persistent right 4th aortic arch?

Answer 5

1. Persistent aortic arch
2. formation of vascular ring around esophagus
3. Constriction of esophagus
   
   1. segmental dilation of esophagus
   2. megaesophagus
4. Difficulty swallowing solid food
5. Regurgitation
6. Aspiration of regurgitated food
7. Aspiration pneumonia