Lab values

Question 1

cardiac biomarkers

Answer 1

• measure the levels of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and protein toponin in the blood
• CK-MB appears in blood 4 hours after infarction, peaks at 12-24 hours, and declines over 48-72 hours
• cardiac troponin-I is also a specific marker for infarction and unlike CK-MB, it remains elevated for 5-7 days

Question 2

cholesterol test

Answer 2

• measures the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood in order to determine the risk of atherosclerosis
• HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides

Question 3

HDL

Answer 3

• good cholesterol

- helps carry away LDL cholesterol and is protective against atherogenesis

Question 4

LDL

Answer 4

• bad cholesterol

- associated with the buildup of fatty plaques within the arteries which reduce blood flow

Question 5

triglycerides

Answer 5

• high levels are seen in overweight people, in those consuming too many sweets or too much alcohol an in people with diabetes whoe have elevated blood sugar levels

Question 6

complete blood count

Answer 6

• red blood count
• total white blood cell count
• white blood cell differential
• hemoglobin
• hematocrit

Question 7

hematocrit

Answer 7

• the percentage of red blood cells in total blood volume
• low hematocrit may indicate anemia, blood loss, and vitamin or mineral deficiencies
• high hematocrit may indicate dehydration or polycythemia vera, a condition that causes overproduction of red blood cells

Question 8

erythrocytes norms

Answer 8

male: 4.3-5.6 x 10^12 L
female: 4.0-5.2 x 10^12 L

Question 9

Leukocytes norm

Answer 9

3.54-9.06 x 10^9 L

Question 10

neutrophil norms

Answer 10

40-70%

Question 11

lymphocytes norms

Answer 11

20-50%

Question 12

monocytes norms

Answer 12

4-8%

Question 13

eosinophils norms

Answer 13

0-6%

Question 14

basophils norms

Answer 14

0-2%

Question 15

Platelet count norm

Answer 15

165-415 x 10^9/L

Question 16

PTT norms

Answer 16

26.3-39.4 sec

Question 17

hematocrit norms

Answer 17

male: 38.8-46.4%
female: 35.4-44.4%

Question 18

hemoglobin norms

Answer 18

male: 13.3-16.2 g/dL
female: 12.0-15.8 g/dL

Question 19

total cholesterol

Answer 19

desirable: <5..17
borderline: 5.17-6.2
high: > 6.21

Question 20

LDL norms

Answer 20

optimal: <2.59
near optimal: 2.59-3.35
borderline: 3.36-4.12
high: 4.13-4.90
very high: > 4.91

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

low: < 1.03
High: > 1.55

Question 22

triglyceride

Answer 22

desirable: <1.7
borderline: 1.7-2.25
high: 2.26-5.63
very high: >5.64

Question 23

PT and PTT

Answer 23

• test how quickly blood clots

- PTT is more sensitive than PT in detecting minor deficiencies