Learning Flashcards Preview

EPPP - from practice tests > Learning > Flashcards

Flashcards in Learning Deck (25)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is a schema?

A

A group or cluster of knowledge about an object or event.

2
Q

What is sensory memory for sound called?

A

Echoic memory

3
Q

What is sensory memory for vision called?

A

Iconic memory.

4
Q

What is escape conditioning?

A

A type of negative reinforcement in which a behavior occurs because it allows the individual to escape an undesirable stimulus or event.

5
Q

What is avoidance conditioning?

A

A type of negative reinforcement which involves presenting a cue that signals that an undesirable event is about to occur so that the individual can avoid the undesirable event by engaging in the target behavior as soon as the cue is presented.

6
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Amensia which extends backwards to before the traumatic event causing amnesia occured (you forget past experiences).

7
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Amnesia which starts from a time of trauma and extends forward into new experiences (you can’t make new memories).

8
Q

What is proactive inhibition?

A

When previous learning interferes with new learning.

9
Q

What is retroactive inhibition?

A

When new learning interferes with previous learning.

10
Q

What is habituation?

A

A decrease in response strength due to repeated stimulation.

11
Q

What is satiation?

A

It occurs when a physiological need has been met, resulting in a decreased desire for that reinforcement. For example, if you’re full, you won’t want to eat more.

12
Q

What is extinction?

A

In operant learning, it involves eliminating reinforcement that previously followed a response. In classical conditioning, it refers to the presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.

13
Q

What is primary memory?

A

A term coined by William James; it is now known as “short-term memory.”

14
Q

What is secondary memory?

A

A term coined by William James; it is now known as “long-term memory.”

15
Q

How did William James refer to short term memory?

A

Primary memory.

16
Q

How did William James refer to long-term memory?

A

Secondary memory

17
Q

What are implicit memories?

A

Memories that are retrieved without conscious awareness. They are also called procedural memories.

18
Q

What are implicit memories also known as?

A

Procedural memories.

19
Q

What are procedural memories?

A

Memories that are of skilled responses, actions, or procedures.

20
Q

What are the two types of long-term memories?

A

Procedural (or implicit)

Declarative (or explicit)

21
Q

What is declarative memory also known as?

A

Explicit memory.

22
Q

What is explicit memory also known as?

A

Declarative memory.

23
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Episodic and semantic memory:

Episodic: consists of autobiographical memories or memories of personal events.

Semantic memory consists of general knowledge, such as facts.

24
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Autobiographical memory or memories of personal events.

25
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

Memory of general knowledge, such as language and facts.