Lecture 1

Question 1

What do GTV, PTV and CTV mean and which order are they in smallest to largest?

Answer 1

TV - tumour volume
GTV - gross TV
CTV - clinical TV
PTV - planned TV
GTV smallest, PTV biggest

Question 2

What do these mean?

• CRT
• DVH
• ICRU
• MLC
• OAR
• TPS

Answer 2

• conformal RT
• dose volume histogram
• international commission of rad. units and measurements
• multi leaf collimator
• organs at risk
• treatment planning system

Question 3

What is LINAC?

Answer 3

Linear accelerator, high energy xrays from gantry, either varian or elekta

Question 4

What are?

• Treatment couch
• Console
• Bunker
• Maze
• Personal dosimeter

Answer 4

• bed patients lay on, carbon fiber
• view coordinates for set up, view images, hit buttons for treatment
• where LINAC and treatment couch are, basic sheilding
• Shielding for radiation, at lateral sides where beams point = primary barrier, all other areas = secondary barrier
• TLD or in vivo dosimeter, worn at all time, report all accidents

Question 5

What is CPPS?

Answer 5

Correct:
Patient - name, DOB and photo
Position
Site

Question 6

What is quality assurance?

Answer 6

All planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that service will satisfy given requirements

Question 7

What is QA in radiation therapy?

Answer 7

Ensuring constancy of:

• medication prescription, safe fulfillment of dose to target volume
• minimal dose to normal tissue
• minimal exposure to personnel and patient

All aspects of QA in RT involve all groups of staff in cooperative approach, all activities are interdependent

Question 8

What is parallel opposed pair and where is it used?

Answer 8

Two beams opposite to each other ie. from each side

-chest and lung

Question 9

What is tangential and where is it used?

Answer 9

Two beams which cross over, usually one axis at 0 to avoid healthy tissue and lung
-breast

Question 10

What is four field box and where is it used?

Answer 10

4 separate beams are 90 degrees from each other\

-prostate

Question 11

What is sunrise technique and where is it used?

Answer 11

5 beams 2 lateral, 1 anterior, and 2 in between each lateral and ant, no posterior
-prostate to avoid OAR = rectum

Question 12

What is complex planning and VMAT?

Answer 12

Complex - thyroid

VMAT - constant motion 360 degrees, volumetric modulated arc therapy