Lecture 7- Puberty

Question 1

Puberty is a stage of human development when

Answer 1

when sexual maturation and growth are completed and results in ability to reproduce- morphological physiological and behaviour development

Question 2

• Primary sexual characteristic established

Answer 2

before birth

Question 3

• Sequence of events

Answer 3

• Age variable
• Order consistent (always happens in the same order)
• Therefore not a function of age

Question 4

do girls or boy start puberty first

Answer 4

• Girls begin and end puberty before boys

Question 5

maturation is order consistent

Answer 5

• Accelerated somatic growth
• Maturation of primary sexual characteristic (gonads and genitals)
• Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics (pubic and axillary hair, female breast development, male voice changes)
• Menstruation and spermatogenesis begin

Question 6

therlarche

Answer 6

onset of breast development occurring near beginning of puberty in girls

Question 7

• Adrenarche-

Answer 7

maturation and increased activity of the adrenal glands prior to puberty

Question 8

• Gondarache-

Answer 8

activation of reproductive glands by pituitary hormone FSH and LH

Question 9

• Menarche-

Answer 9

onset of menstruation at puberty

Question 10

which gland is thought to be an important influence on the timing of puberty

Answer 10

the pineal gland

as disorders of this gland can cause early onset (precocious) puberty

Question 11

key environmental factor that infleunces onset of puberty

Answer 11

• Body weight is a key factor in the onset of puberty in girls, as well as nutrition and leptin (released from adipose tissue)
  
  • Age of menarche has declined (from 16.6 to 12.5) over the year
    
    • women have a higher BMI now

Question 12

• Low body weight can cause

Answer 12

cessation of menstruation, even after puberty has occurred

Question 13

other factors that effect menarche

Answer 13

• Onset age differs around globe
• Economic factors/ disparity may effect onset of puberty

Question 14

Regardless of age of onset-

Answer 14

sequence of events is consistent

Question 15

what is used to define Sexual maturity rating (SMR)

Answer 15

Tanner scale

Question 16

Tanner scale

Answer 16

• Tanner developed a scale that divides the sexual maturity rating into 5 classed
• Based on pubic hair and breast and females
• Pubic hair and genitalia in males

Question 17

tanner stage 1 in females

Answer 17

pre-pubertal

pubic hair- non

breasts- non

Question 18

tanner stage 2 in females

Answer 18

pubic hair- sparse, lightly pigmented, straight, medial border of labia

breasts- breast and pappila (nipple) elevated as small mounts, areolar diamter increased

Question 19

tanner stage 3 in females

Answer 19

pubic hair: darker, beginning to curl, increased amount

breast: breast and areola enlarged, no controu of separation

Question 20

tanner stage 4 in females

Answer 20

pubic hair: coarse, curly, abundant, but less than adult

breast: areolar and papilla form secodnary mount

Question 21

tanner stage 5 in females

Answer 21

pubic hair: adult feminine triangle spread to medial surface of thigh

breast: mature, nipple projects, areola part of general breast contour

Question 22

tanner stage 1 in males

Answer 22

prepubertal

Question 23

tanner stage 2 in males

Answer 23

pubic hair: scanty, long sligly pigmented

penis: slight enlargement
testes: emlarged scortum, texture altered

Question 24

tanner stage 3 in males

Answer 24

pubic hair: darker, starts to curl, small amount

penis: penis longer
testes: larger

Question 25

tanner stage 4 in males

Answer 25

pubic hair: resembles adult type, less in qauntitiy, coarse, curly penis: larger, glans breadth increased testes: larger

Question 26

tanner stage 5 in males

Answer 26

pubic hair: adult. distribution, spread to medial surface of thigh penis: adult testes: adult

Question 27

when does therlache (breast enlargment happen in girls)

Answer 27

8-11)

Question 28

when does adrenarch- pubic hair start in girls

Answer 28

11-12

Question 29

when does growth spurt occur in firls

Answer 29

10-14

Question 30

when does menarche occur

Answer 30

11-15

Question 32

female sexual characteristics

Answer 32

* **9-15** * Starts with * Breast bud (thelarche) and pubic hear * Leads to (adrenarche) * Growth spurt and onset of menstrual * Menstruate cycles begins (menarche) * Punic hair adult * Breast adult

Question 33

**Male secondary sexual characteristics**

Answer 33

* **10-14 years** * Starts with * Genital development * Progresses to * Pubic hair growth * Spermatogenesis * Completed by * Growth spurt * Genitalia adult * Pubic hair adult

Question 34

accelerated soamtic growth 'growth spurt' depends on

Answer 34

* Occurs in both sexes * Depends on growth hormone and IGF-1 and sex steroid in both sexes

Question 35

**Accelerated somatic growth in girls**

Answer 35

* Earlier and shorter in girls

Question 36

men are larger because

Answer 36

* Men larger because growth spurt longer and slightly faster

Question 37

genital development in boys depends on

Answer 37

testosterone

Question 38

**Accelerated somatic growthends in both sexes by**

Answer 38

epiphyseal fusion * Oestrogen closes epiphyses earlier in girls

Question 39

fusion of epiphyses inkeeping with

Answer 39

child chronological age - bone age

Question 40

sumamry opf puberty in male and female

Answer 40

* Normal range in pubertal development is broad * Early maturation is a positive for boys but may be negative for girls * Late maturation usually more hard than for girls * Adolescents compare themselves to their peers and internalise the reaction of others to their changing bodies