Lesson 19

Question 1

What is the present perfect tense in Spanish?

Answer 1

The present perfect tense is constructed by using the auxiliary verb haber (have) with the past participle of the primary verb:

• An immediate past: “She hasn’t eaten yet” –> Todavía noha comido**
• Information independent of time: “I haven’t gone out with Jorge” –> No he salido con Jorge
• A past inhabited by the speaker: “Recently, I’ve been very sad” –> Recientemente he estado muy triste

Question 2

Translate to Spanish.

I haven’t eaten yet

Answer 2

Todavía no he comido

I have (present perfect) - yo he. Notice that we already learned the impersonal conjugation of haber in the third person (hay–> there is, there are). When haber is used as an auxiliary verb, as it is used here, it can be conjugated for every person

Question 3

Translate to Spanish.

You haven’t done your homework

Answer 3

No has hecho tu tarea

you have (present perfect) - tú has

Question 4

Translate to Spanish.

Monica has been happy lately

Answer 4

Monica ha estado contenta últimamente

he/she has (present perfect) - él/ella/ud ha

Question 5

Translate to Spanish.

Eduardo, Miguel and I have not gone out yet

Answer 5

Eduardo, Miguel, y yo todavía no hemos salido

we have (present perfect) - nosotros hemos

Question 6

Translate to Spanish.

You (vosotros) have not loved

Answer 6

Vosotros no habéis amado

you have (present perfect) - vosotros habéis

Question 7

Translate to Spanish.

They have not finished their homework

Answer 7

Ellos no han terminado su tarea

they have (present perfect) - ellos/ellas/uds han

Question 8

Translate to Spanish.

TO HAVE (Present Perfect)

• I have (eaten)
• You have (eaten)
• He/She has (eaten)
• We have (eaten)
• You have (eaten)
• They have (eaten)

Answer 8

HABER (Tiempo Pretérito Perfecto)

• Yo he (comido)
• Tú has (comido)
• Él/Ella/Ud ha (comido)
• Nosotros hemos (comido)
• Vosotros habéis (comido)
• Ellos/Ellas/Uds han (comido)

Question 9

What is the past participle ending for -ar verbs like amar?

Answer 9

Participio de verbos que terminan en -ar como amar (-ado)

• Yo he amado
• Tú as amado
• Él ha amado
• Nosotros hemos amado
• Vosotros habéis amado
• Ellos han amado

Question 10

What is the past participle ending for -er and -ir verbs like comer?

Answer 10

Participio de verbos que terminan en -er e -ir como comer (-ido)

• Yo he comido
• Tú has comido
• Él ha comido
• Nosotros hemos comido
• Vosotros habéis comido
• Ellos han comido

Question 11

What is the Past Perfect Tense in Spanish?

Answer 11

The Past Perfect Tense is formed by using haber as an auxiliary verb. Haber is conjugated in the imperfect tense with the past participle of the primary verb. It describes the past of the past:

• “They had already left” –> Ya se habían ido
• “They had eaten all of the food” –> Habían comido toda la comida

Question 12

Translate to Spanish.

TO HAVE (Past Perfect)

• I had (eaten)
• You had (eaten)
• He/She had (eaten)
• We had(eaten)
• You had (eaten)
• They had (eaten)

Answer 12

HABER (Tiempo Pluscuamperfecto)

• Yo había (comido)
• Tú habías (comido)
• Él/Ella/Ud había (comido)
• Nosotros habíamos (comido)
• Vosotros habíais (comido)
• Ellos/Ellas/Uds habían (comido)

Question 13

What is the conditional tense in Spanish?

Answer 13

The conditional tense in Spanish generally corresponds to the English “would + (verb)” and expresses an uncertainity of the future. It is used to:

• Root a future action in the past: “Jorge told me that he’d go out at ten” –> Jorge me dijo que saldría a las diez
• Express hypothetical thoughts: “I would help you with your homework, but I am busy today” –> Te ayudaría con tu tarea, pero estoy ocupado hoy
• Allow room for a probability that may include conjecture: “With whom would Marta go out so late at night?” –> ¿Con quién saldría tan tarde Marta?
• Express a courteous request: “Would you allow me to use your car?” –> ¿Me dejaría usar su coche?

Question 14

Translate to Spanish.

I would talk but I don’t want to

Answer 14

Hablaría pero no quiero

I would talk - hablaría. Note that regular -ar, -er, and -ir ending verbs are conjugated the same way in the conditional tense, with the endings simply added onto the infinitive

Question 15

Translate to Spanish.

You would run, but you broke your leg

Answer 15

Correrías, pero te rompiste la pierna

you would run - correrías

Question 16

Translate to Spanish.

José would write a book on Mexican art, but he’s too busy

Answer 16

José escribiría un libro sobre el arte mexicano, pero está demasiado ocupado

he/she would write - escribiría

Question 17

Translate to Spanish.

With whom would we sing?

Answer 17

¿Con quién cantaríamos?

we would sing- cantaríamos

Question 18

Translate to Spanish.

You (vosotros) would understand, but you’re not listening

Answer 18

Vostros entenderíais, pero no estais escuchando

you (vosotros) would understand - entederíais

Question 19

Translate to Spanish.

With whom would they talk to at this hour?

Answer 19

¿Con quién hablarían a esta hora?

they would talk - hablarían

Question 20

What are the conditional endings for regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs?

Answer 20

Tiempo Condicional (-ar, -er, -ir)

• -ía (yo)
• -ías (tú)
• -ía (él)
• -íamos (nosotros)
• -íais (vosotros)
• -ían (ellos)

Question 21

Translate to Spanish.

Most men like sports

Answer 21

A la mayoría de los hombres les gustan los deportes

most - la mayoría de

Question 22

Translate to Spanish.

Good point

Answer 22

Buen punto

point - el punto. The word punto is also used to describe “points” in a sport or game, or to mean “period” in a sentence

Question 23

Translate to Spanish.

I will not go out with him. Period.

Answer 23

No voy a salir con él. Punto.

period - el punto

Question 24

Translate to Spanish.

Our teacher is in a coma

Answer 24

Nuestra maestra está en un coma

coma - el coma. Do not confuse this with la coma, which means “comma” (the punctuation mark)

Question 25

# Translate to Spanish. There are too many _commas_ in your essay. You're going to have to write it over again

Answer 25

Hay demasiadas _comas_ en tu ensayo. Vas a tener que escribirlo de nuevo ## Footnote comma - *la coma*. Do not confuse this with *el coma*, which means a "coma" (i.e. a vegetative state)

Question 26

# Translate to Spanish. Most _sentences_ end in a period

Answer 26

La mayoría de las _oraciones_ terminan con un punto ## Footnote sentence - *la oración*

Question 27

# Translate to Spanish. This is the _end_ of your Spanish lesson

Answer 27

Éste es el _fin_ de tu lección de español ## Footnote end - *el fin*

Question 28

# Translate to Spanish. _You should_ go to the party

Answer 28

_Deberías_ ir a la fiesta ## Footnote should - *deber (in conditional tense)*. Note that while *deber* in the present tense means "must", any conjugation of *deber *in the conditional means "should". e.g. "We should talk" - *Deberíamos hablar*