Limbic System Lec16

Question 1

parts of the papez circuit actually involved in emotions

Answer 1

cingulate cortex and the hypothalamus

Question 2

Areas of the limbic system involved in emotional processing

Answer 2

amygdala, anterior and mid-cingulate cortex, mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and prefrontal cortex.

Question 3

Primary emotions are reflexive and involve the (3)

Answer 3

amygdala, hypothalamus, and PAG

Question 4

what primarily drives primary emotions?

Answer 4

the amygdala —- which gets input from the auditory pathway (or visual) via the thalamus as well as directly from the auditory pathway.

Question 5

___ emotions are conscious

Answer 5

Secondary

Question 6

secondary emotions and involve the ___

Answer 6

cortical limbic structures

Question 7

Stimulation of the___ with norepinephrine induces the fight or flight response

Answer 7

dorsolateral portion of the PAG

Question 8

. Stimulation of the ___ portion of PAG with norepinephrine leads to hypoactivity

Answer 8

ventral

Question 9

Since the ___ nuclei project to the PAG, you can also stimulate the ___ nuclei for the same effect.

Answer 9

hypothalamic

Question 10

You need the ___ and ___ to regulate emotions.

If you get a stroke or tumor to either one of these regions you lose control of your emotions and can result in sham rage (excessive rage without external control)

Answer 10

hypothalamus or the PAG

Question 11

. Only th___ and ___ cingulate cortex play a role in emotional processing.

Answer 11

cingulate cortex

Question 12

is the posterior cingualte cortex ivnovled in emotion?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

. It may be useful to think of serotonin as mood ___

Answer 13

altering

Question 14

. It may be useful to think of norepinpehrine as mood

Answer 14

elevating

Question 15

what is included in the papez circuit

Answer 15

Question 16

___ is the synapse site of the limbic system in the thalamus

Answer 16

mediodorsal n.

Question 17

primary emotions are linked with ___ reflexes

Answer 17

autonomic

Question 18

If a monkey’s temporal lobe / amygdala was removed, the animal became (4)

Answer 18

1. docile
2. hyperoral
3. hypersexual
4. and ate inappropriate items.

Question 19

Urbach-Wiethe disease = what is the cause and what are the sx?

Answer 19

calcification & loss of amygdala

1. no fear response
2. can’t recognize fear in faces
3. risky behaviors

Question 20

Fear response involves direct connections from

Answer 20

thalamus to amygdala

Question 21

Shown by auditory-foot shock conditioning experiment. Even if amygdala/
auditory cortex connection was cut,

Answer 21

fear was still present

Question 22

Amygdala connects to __ and __ for fight-or-flight response

Answer 22

PAG and LC

Question 23

Stimulation of ___ PAG = fight-or-flight,

Answer 23

Dorsal

Question 24

lesion of Dorsal PAG

Answer 24

affective defense & “sham rage”

Question 25

lesion fo ventral pag

Answer 25

quiet, biting

Question 26

All major emotion structures are connected to the \_\_

Answer 26

PAG

Question 27

The PAG regulates ANS via

Answer 27

soliary n. dorsal mtoor fo vagus IML

Question 28

The hypothalamus-pituitary axis (HPA) is driven by the (3)

Answer 28

amygdala, limbic cortex, & locus coeruleus

Question 29

Amygdala / Insula / Limbic Cortex (ACC) --\> Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus --\>

Answer 29

CRH

Question 30

the amygdala projects to which cingulate cortex?

Answer 30

the ACC and anterior MCC

Question 31

the ___ region of the cingulate cortex (around the genu of the corpus callosum) is extra vulnerable to emotional diseases like depression

Answer 31

perigenual

Question 32

anterior cingulate cortex connects the ans to the

Answer 32

solitary n. and dosal mtoor of vagus

Question 33

emotion associated with ventral acc

Answer 33

sadness

Question 34

emotion associated with rostral acc

Answer 34

hapiness

Question 35

"Facial Region" of the ACC is impacted by what emotions

Answer 35

all of them

Question 36

emotiona ssociated witht the **anterior mid cingualte cortex**

Answer 36

fear

Question 37

Electrical stimulation of the MCC evokes complex motor responses like (3)

Answer 37

lip puckering, finger kneading, and bilateral limb movements

Question 38

fear response input goes directlyfrom the thalamus to the

Answer 38

amygdala --\> fear response

Question 39

fear response ## Footnote thalamus -\> amygdala --\>

Answer 39

ACC (upstream) and the PAG and LC (downstream pathways)

Question 40

thalamus --\> amygdala --\> ACC (upstream) and the PAG (downstream pathways) --\> both faical. n and facial expression activated so fear is expressed ___ and \_\_

Answer 40

somatically and viscerally

Question 41

fear response Memory of event is encoded in the\_\_ and \_\_

Answer 41

amygdala and cortex

Question 42

fear response memory of event is enhanced by

Answer 42

norepinpehrine

Question 43

locus coerelus regulates the

Answer 43

hpa axis

Question 44

Locus Coeruleus is connected to...

Answer 44

solitary ncuelus pag pvn of hypothalamus amygdala and limbic paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus

Question 45

Locus Coeruleus --\> solitary n. --\>

Answer 45

visceral motor center for heart rate

Question 46

LC --\> pag --\>

Answer 46

fight to flight

Question 47

\_\_\_\_ drives PVN/HPA axis

Answer 47

LC/NE

Question 48

LC --\> Amygdala & Limbic Cortex (cingulate, insular, orbitofrontal) --\>

Answer 48

enhance emotional memory formation

Question 49

The Raphe Nuclei project from midbrain to \_\_\_

Answer 49

forebrain

Question 50

\_\_\_ disfunction leads to conduct disorders, criminal psychopathy, other sociopathies, PTSD

Answer 50

Limbic system

Question 51

In patients with severe depression, ___ shows decreased glucose metabolism / reduced activity

Answer 51

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 52

Risk factor for depression: No ____ control of amygdala = increased fear and anxiety.

Answer 52

anterior cingulate control

Question 53

SSRIS bind strongly to the

Answer 53

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 54

deep brain stimulation can create substantial improvement in people with intractable depression if electrodes are placed near the

Answer 54

acc and amygdala

Question 55

\_\_\_ is involved in AFFECT

Answer 55

Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 56

\_\_\_ cortex is involved in motivated behavior and response selection

Answer 56

Midcingulate

Question 57

\_\_\_\_ has extensive projections to the striatum, red nucleus, pontine nuclei (cerebellum), and cranial nerve motor nuclei for somatomotor driving of alpha motor neurons.

Answer 57

midcingualte cortex

Question 58

a very impotant connection in pyshiatry the amygdala has reciprocal projections to the

Answer 58

acc

Question 59

PET studies show activation in ___ when remembering sad events.

Answer 59

ACC

Question 60

Electrical simulation of the _____ produces complex motor outputs (that can be modified by context)

Answer 60

MCC

Question 61

faical region in the acc projects to the

Answer 61

facial motor n. and the muscles of facial expression

Question 62

facial region in the ___ of the cingualte cortex

Answer 62

acc

Question 63

what do the reciptocal connections between the LC and the 1. amygadla and 2. cingulate cortex do?

Answer 63

involved in consolidation of emotional memories

Question 64

storage of emotionall vlanece memories in the amygdala and acc depends on \_\_\_

Answer 64

norepineprine release by LC

Question 65

how does locus corelus intercedes in limbic systems to coordinate motor outputs.

Answer 65

Question 66

what structures are in the limbic lobe? (3)

Answer 66

cingulate cortex parahippocampal gyri olfactoruy cortex