Question 1

pre hepatic - conj/unconj - causes - effect

Accepted Answer

- unconj (any conj is excreted as normal so it is the build up of UNconj!) - Hamolysis eg haemolytic anaemia, Gilberts syndrome (Reduced enzyme activity converting unconj--> conj. phase 1 ila thinks this is intrahepatic) - nomral urine/stool. no itching. normal LFTs, yellow skin/sclera

Question 2

(intra) hepatic - conj/unconj - causes - effect

Accepted Answer

- conjugated and unconjugated mixture - (Ischaemia- prehep?), hepatitis, hepatocellular cancer, congestions, haemochromatosis, alcoholic liver disease, PBC,PSC - dark urine pale stool. itching. abnormal LFTs

Question 3

post hepatic - conj/unconj - causes - effect

Accepted Answer

- conj - - intramural - gallstones. mural- cholangiosarcoma, strictures, inflammation extramural - pancreatic / abdominal cancer - dark urine pale stool. itching. abnormal LFTs

Question 4

where do most gall stones form

Accepted Answer

gall bladder

Question 5

risk factors for gall stones

Accepted Answer

``` female fat fertile (less than 50) liver disease ileal disease ```

Question 6

gall stones symptoms

Accepted Answer

jaundice weight loss pain looks like malignancy

Question 7

LFTs

Accepted Answer

enzymes released from hepatocytes due to damage AST/ALT

Question 8

gall stones in gall bladder vs bile duct - effects - treatment

Accepted Answer

gall bladder - cholecystitis (gall blad) - no cholangitis (bile duct) - no pancreatitis - maybe obstructive jaundice - - choltsteomy (laproscopic) - -bile acid dissolution bile duct - no cholecystitis (gall blad) - cholangitis (bile duct) - pancreatitis - obstructive jaundice - - ERCP - examine and remove stones (basket/balloon, crushing) - - surgery if large stones

Question 9

congestion

Accepted Answer

venous congestion from right sided heart failure

Question 10

diverticulitis

Accepted Answer

infected diverticula = pockets in the lining of the large bowel that develop with age

Question 11

compensated liver

Accepted Answer

liver function maintained

Question 12

decompensated liver

Accepted Answer

fucntion decline - jaundice - low albumin - ascites - coagulopathy - encephalopathy

Question 13

acute liver failure = acute on chronic liver failure =

Accepted Answer

= acute liver injury with encephalopathy and deranged coagulation in a patient with a previously normal liver = liver failure as a result of decompensation of chronic liver disease

Question 14

asterixis= - what - associated with what

Accepted Answer

liver flap, flapping tremor (extend wrists back the wrists flapping tremor) hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, acute liver failure, opiate overdose, Wilsons

Question 15

fulminant liver failure 1) = 2) classification

Accepted Answer

massive hepatocyte necrosis --> severe function impairment classification based on onset of encephalopathy after jaundice onset - hyperacute = within 7 days - acute - 8-28 days - subacute - 5-26 weeks - reduced risk of cerebral oedema with less acute classes

liver Flashcards

(31 cards)