Memory: Explanations for forgetting

Question 1

What are the two explanations for forgetting

Answer 1

Interference theory

Retrieval failure

Question 2

Outline Interference theory

Answer 2

• Proactive interference
• Retroactive interference
• Effects of similarity

Question 3

Define Proactive interference

Answer 3

When old info interferes with new info

Question 4

Define Retroactive interference

Answer 4

When new info interferes with old info

Question 5

Outline research into effects of similarity

Answer 5

• McGeoch and McDonald
  Gave pps list of 10 words to learn to 100% accuracy
  Then split into 6 groups and each group given new list
  1. Synonym
  2. Antonyms
  3. Unrelared
  4. Nonsense syllables
  5. 3-digit numbers
  6. No new list
  Findings:
• When tested on first list, accuracy depended on nature of second list
• Most similar material produced worst recall

Question 6

Evaluate interference theory as an explanation for forgetting

Answer 6

+ Evidence was high controlled lab study
- Artificial material
+ Support from Baddeley (football)
- Time between learning not realistic

Question 7

Outline Retrieval Failure

Answer 7

• Encoding Specificity principle (cue)
• Context-dependent forgetting
• State-dependent forgetting

Question 8

Evaluate Retrieval failure as an explanation for forgetting

Answer 8

+ Supporting evidence increases validity
+ Real life application for eyewitness testimony

• In real life context isn’t that different
• Can’t check for cues