Midterm

Question 1

Words or phrases used in ways that affect an obvious change (or “turn”) in their standard meaning

Answer 1

Trope

Question 2

The aspect of a phrase that holds the meaning

Answer 2

Tenor

Question 3

The aspect of a phrase that conveys the comparison

Answer 3

Vehicle

Question 4

A figure of thought in which one kind of thing is compared to a markedly different object, concept, or experience; uses like or as.

Answer 4

Simile

Question 5

A word or phrase that in literal use designates one kind of thing is applied to a conspicuously different object, concept, or experience without asserting an explicit comparison

Answer 5

Metaphor

Question 6

Occurs when two or more incongruous vehicles are applied to the same tenor.

Answer 6

Mixed Metaphor

Question 7

A trope that is sustained through several lines, ringing changes on the multiple relevance of the vehicle to the tenor.

Answer 7

Extended Metaphor

Question 8

The underlying meaning or set of meanings that provide one of the chief challenges in gratifications of literature

Answer 8

Subtext

Question 9

A trope in which an abstract concept, animal, or inanimate object is treated as though it were alive or had human attributes.

Answer 9

Personification

Question 10

A special type of personification in which inanimate aspects of nature, such as landscape or the weather, are represented as having human qualities or feelings

Answer 10

Pathetic Fallacy

Question 11

A figure of thought in which the term for part of something is used to represent the whole or, less commonly, the term for the whole is used to represent a part.

Answer 11

Synecdoche

Question 12

A trope which substitutes the name of an entity with something else that is closely associated with it.

Answer 12

Metonomy

Question 13

Broadest class of figure of thought that depend on presenting a deliberate contrast between two levels of meaning

Answer 13

Irony

Question 14

Consists of implying a meaning different from and often the complete opposite of the one that is explicitly stated. Usually the irony is signaled by clues in the context of the situation or in the style of expression

Answer 14

Verbal Irony

Question 15

The taunting use of apparent approval or praise for actual disapproval or dispraise.

Answer 15

Sarcasm

Question 16

Refers to an implication of alternative or reversed meaning that pervades a work.

Answer 16

Structural Irony

Question 17

Occurs when the audience is privy to knowledge that one or more of the characters lacks

Answer 17

Dramatic Irony

Question 18

Occurs when there is a greater meaning in a character’s words or actions, understood by the audience only

Answer 18

Tragic Irony

Question 19

Refers to an implied worldview in which characters are led to embrace false hopes of aid or success only to be defeated by some larger force, such as God or fate

Answer 19

Cosmic Irony

Question 20

A trope in which a point is stated in a way that is greatly exaggerated

Answer 20

Hyperbole

Question 21

A form of irony in which a point is deliberately expressed as less in magnitude, value, or importance than it actually is

Answer 21

Understatement

Question 22

A trope in which a statement that appears on the surface to be contradictory or impossible turns out to express an often striking truth

Answer 22

Paradox

Question 23

A compressed paradox that closely links two seemingly contrary elements in a way that, on further consideration, turns out to make good sense

Answer 23

Oxymoron

Question 24

A figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite

Answer 24

Litotes

Question 25

A figure of thought in which a point is stated by deliberate circumlocution rather than directly (unnecessarily long or roundabout form of expression)

Answer 25

Periphrasis

Question 26

Figure of thought that plays on words that have the same sound (or closely similar sounds) but have sharply contrasted meanings

Answer 26

Pun

Question 27

Special form of a pun in which a word or phrase that has disparate meanings is used in a way that makes each meaning equally relevant

Answer 27

Equivoque

Question 28

An address to a dead or absent person, or to an inanimate object or abstract concept

Answer 28

Apostrophe

Question 29

Figure of speech in which a question is posed not to solicit a reply but to emphasize a foregone or clearly implied conclusion

Answer 29

Rhetorical question

Question 30

The intentional replication of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines, stanzas, sentences, or paragraphs

Answer 30

Anaphora

Question 31

Figure of speech in which words or phrases that are parallel in order and syntax express opposite or contrasting meanings

Answer 31

Antithesis

Question 32

Figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax but reverse the order of the analogous words

Answer 32

Chiasmus

Question 33

A long narrative poem on a serious or exalting subject

Answer 33

Epic

Question 34

That in which the writer creates the voice of an invented character or characters

Answer 34

Dramatic

Question 35

The most varied and widespread kind, is that in which an individual speaker expresses what he or she feels, perceives, and thinks

Answer 35

Lyric

Question 36

A poem that is spoken by a fictional narrator who is clearly different from the author in age, situation, or gender

Answer 36

Dramatic Monologue

Question 37

Denotes the word choice and phrasing in a literary work

Answer 37

Diction

Question 38

Collective term that describes the technical aspects of the verse relating to rhythm, stress, and meter

Answer 38

Prosody

Question 39

Recurring pattern of sounds that gives poem written in verse their distinctive rhythms

Answer 39

Meter

Question 40

The basic unit of measurement of meter.

Answer 40

Foot

Question 41

An unstressed followed by a stressed syllable ( u-/ )

Answer 41

Iamb

Question 42

Two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed ( u-u-/ )

Answer 42

Anapest

Question 43

A stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable ( /-u)

Answer 43

Trochee

Question 44

A stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables ( /-u-u )

Answer 44

Dactyl

Question 45

One foot

Answer 45

Monometer

Question 46

Two feet

Answer 46

Dimeter

Question 47

Three feet

Answer 47

Trimeter

Question 48

Four feet

Answer 48

Tetrameter

Question 49

Five feet

Answer 49

Pentameter

Question 50

Six feet

Answer 50

Hexameter

Question 51

Seven feet

Answer 51

Heptameter

Question 52

Any variant foot within a line that consists predominantly of another metrical pattern

Answer 52

Substitution

Question 53

Two stressed syllables in a row

Answer 53

Spondee

Question 54

A missing, unstressed syllable at the end of a trochaic or dactylic line

Answer 54

Catalexis

Question 55

Lines that contain a complete sentence or independent clause and so have a distinct pause at the end, usually indicated by a mark of punctuation

Answer 55

End-stop

Question 56

Also called run-on lines, are those in which the sentence or clause continues for two or more lines of verse with no punctuation

Answer 56

Enjambment

Question 57

A pause in the midst of a verse line

Answer 57

Caesura

Question 58

The repetition in two or more nearby words of the last stressed vowels and all the syllables that follow it

Answer 58

Rhyme

Question 59

Rhymes that occur at the end of a poetic line

Answer 59

End-rhyme

Question 60

If two or more of the syllables rhyme

Answer 60

Double/Triple Rhyme

Question 61

Rhymes that occur within a line of poetry rather than at the end

Answer 61

Internal Rhyme

Question 62

Patterns of recurrences within a poem

Answer 62

Rhyme Scheme

Question 63

When rhyming sounds match exactly

Answer 63

Perfect rhyme

Question 64

Partial or incomplete rhymes

Answer 64

Imperfect/Slant Rhyme

Question 65

Repetition of sounds in nearby words or stressed syllables that is frequent in poetry and prose

Answer 65

Alliteration

Question 66

Repetition of consonant sounds in two or more successive words or stressed syllables that contain different vowel sounds

Answer 66

Consonance

Question 67

Repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in nearby words or stressed syllables

Answer 67

Assonance

Question 68

Using a word or phrase that seems to imitate the sound it denotes

Answer 68

Onomatopoeia

Question 69

A group of lines in a poem that share a common pattern or meter, line length, and rhyme

Answer 69

Stanza

Question 70

A pair of rhymed lines of the same length and meter

Answer 70

Couplet

Question 71

Rhymed pairs of lines in iambic pentameter

Answer 71

Heroic couplet

Question 72

A pair of lines in which the end of the rhyme coincides coincides the end of the clause or the sentence

Answer 72

Closed couplet

Question 73

Fluent, with the rhyme not insistent but subtly underlying the meter

Answer 73

Open couplet

Question 74

A group of three lines usually sharing the same rhyme

Answer 74

Tercet

Question 75

Consisting of four lines, the most common stanza form in English poetry

Answer 75

Quatrain

Question 76

A quatrain in iambic pentameter

Answer 76

In Memoriam Stanza

Question 77

A word, a phrase, a line, or a group of lines repeated at intervals in a poem

Answer 77

Refrain

Question 78

Opening octave and a concluding sestet (has a volta/turn)

Answer 78

Italian Sonnet

Question 79

Three quatrains and a final couplet

Answer 79

English Sonnet

Question 80

A group of eight lines

Answer 80

Octave

Question 81

A group of six lines

Answer 81

Sestet

Question 82

The start of a sestet

Answer 82

Volta/Turn

Question 83

Unrhymed iambic pentameter

Answer 83

Blank Verse

Question 84

Rhythms are not organized into regularity of meter

Answer 84

Free Verse