Which pigment property determines resistance to fading?
Lightfastness—the ability of pigment to resist photochemical breakdown from light exposure.
In ceramics, what causes crazing on glaze surfaces?
Glaze contracts more than clay body during cooling, forming fine cracks due to expansion mismatch.
Which Renaissance artist formulated linear perspective?
Filippo Brunelleschi—devised mathematical rules for depth using a single vanishing point.
What was the main goal of Impressionist painters?
Capture transient effects of light and atmosphere using broken color and visible brushwork.
Which 20th-century movement emphasized the unconscious and dream imagery?
Surrealism—artists such as Dalí and Miró explored subconscious association and automatism.
Why should an artist wedge clay before throwing?
To homogenize moisture and remove air pockets that could cause explosion in firing.
What principle of design unifies elements through repetition or alternation?
Rhythm—creates visual movement guiding the viewer’s eye.
Which art movement featured heroic depictions of rural America during the 1930s?
American Regionalism—artists like Grant Wood idealized national identity through local themes.
What defines non-objective abstraction?
Art with no recognizable subject matter, focused solely on form, color, and composition.
Which theory states that learning occurs through reinforcement of behavior?
Behaviorism—observable behavior shaped by stimulus-response associations.
Which process best describes additive sculpture?
Modeling—building up pliable material such as clay or wax.
Why is ‘fat-over-lean’ essential in oil painting?
Prevents cracking by applying more flexible oil-rich layers over lean underlayers.
Which device measures kiln heatwork rather than temperature alone?
Pyrometric cone—melts at specific heatwork to indicate firing maturity.
What is the difference between acrylic and oil paint drying mechanisms?
Acrylics dry by water evaporation; oils cure slowly through oxidation.
Which critic promoted Formalism in mid-20th-century art?
Clement Greenberg—valued purity of medium and optical experience.
What defines Constructivism?
Russian avant-garde movement emphasizing industrial materials and social purpose.
Which educational philosophy centers on student-driven exploration and meaning-making?
Constructivism—students build knowledge through active engagement.
What is the function of a rubric in assessment?
Provides transparent criteria and performance levels for consistent evaluation.
Why are neutralizing acids important in printmaking safety?
They neutralize acid spills, preventing chemical burns or toxic fumes.
What distinguishes Expressionism from Impressionism?
Expressionism distorts form and color to convey emotion; Impressionism captures optical sensation.
Which modern architect emphasized ‘form follows function’?
Louis Sullivan—his dictum influenced modernist architectural design.
What is the purpose of a ground or primer?
Creates uniform sealed surface improving paint adhesion and color stability.
Which movement featured large color areas evoking spiritual emotion?
Color Field painting—Rothko and Newman emphasized meditative simplicity.
What does IDEA require of public schools?
Provide free appropriate education with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for eligible students with disabilities.
