Module 1

Question 1

fs

Answer 1

static load

fs = ku

Question 2

stiffness of column with rigid roof

Answer 2

k = 12 EI / h^3

Question 3

stiffness of column with no stiffness in roof

Answer 3

k = 3EI / h^3

Question 4

damping

Answer 4

dissipation of energy in vibrating system by various mechanisms
- allows for reduction in vibration amplitudes

Question 5

mechanisms of damping

Answer 5

complex and occur for various reasons

• friction between structural connections
• opening and closing of microcracks in concrete
• friction between structure and non-structural elements

Question 6

fd

Answer 6

visocous damping (velocity proportional damping)
fd = cudot

Question 7

ut

Answer 7

total structural displacement

ut = ug + u