What are bones made up of?
Calcium, nerves, blood vessels and supportive tissue.
What are the 5 main functions of bone? Describe them.
- Support
- Leg bones are pillars for the body, trunk provides anchor for thoracic wall. Provides framework that anchors soft organs. - Movement
- Skeletal muscle uses bones as levers - Protection
- Rib cage encloses organs, skull encloses brain, spine covers spinal cord - Storage
- Reservoir for minerals and fat - Hematopoiesis
- Occurs within the marrow of the bones
What are the two characteristics of the skeletal system?
Axial and appendicular - make up 206 bones in our body
Do we always have the same number of bones?
No, when we are younger we have more but they fuse over time. E.g. hip made up of ileum, ischium, and pubis but they fuse over time.
What are the 5 categories of bone?
- Flat
- Large surface area for muscle attachment and protection, e.g. bones of skull - Long
- Mostly found in appendicular skeleton - Short
- Provide stability and movement - Sesamoid
- Embedded in tendon, e.g. patella - Irregular
- Don’t fit into above category, e.g. vertebrae
What are the 5 categories of bone?
- Flat
- Large surface area for muscle attachment and protection, e.g. bones of skull - Long
- Mostly found in appendicular skeleton - Short
- Provide stability and movement - Sesamoid
- Embedded in tendon, e.g. patella - Irregular
- Don’t fit into above category, e.g. vertebrae
What are the two layers of bone?
- Outer cortical layer - dense and hard
2. Inner cancellous layer - spongey
What are the three main structural features of the long bones?
Epiphysis, Metaphysis, and Diaphysis
What are some additional characteristics of long bones?
Articular cartilage - layer of cartilage over the epiphysis
Periosteum - protects bone, contains nerves and cells that produce more bone
Medullary cavity - blood cell production
