ANAT100 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

(61 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of all muscles?

A
  • muscle tissue
  • blood vessels
  • tendons
  • nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

characteristics of smooth muscle

A
  • controlled by the nervous system or hormones

- either generally inactive, only responding stimuli OR is rhythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscle

A
  • help body move

- most is attached to bones via tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of cardiac tissue

A
  • found in the heart

- contracts rhythmically, modulated by neural activity/hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two characterizations of muscle?

A

morphological and functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the two different morphological characterizations of muscle

A

smooth and striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A
  • fusi form shaped cells with no striations
  • centrally located nucleus within the cell
  • found in blood vessels, digestive system, other viscera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

STRIATED MUSCLE

A
  • marked by both light and dark bands in appearance

- skeletal and cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

makeup of skeletal muscle

A
  • long muscle fibres
  • multi-nucleated cells
  • peripherally located nucleus within the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

makeup of cardiac muscle

A
  • intercalated discs

- centrally located nucleus within the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two functional characteristics of muscle?

A

voluntary and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

VOLUNTARY MUSCLE

A
  • consciously controlled in order to perform a specific function
  • SKELETAL MUSCLE only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which muscles are voluntary and which are involuntary?

A 
VOLUNTARY = skeletal
INVOLUNTARY = smooth, cardiac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the two muscle functions?

A

excitability and contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is excitability?

A

muscle tissue recieves electrical signals from nerves or stimulation from hormones to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is contrctility

A

when a muscle cell is activated by a nerve or stimulated by a hormone, this causes the muscle to shorten, resulting in a contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many named muscles are apart of the skeletal muscle system

A

700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how much of a person’s weight is accounted for my skeletal muscle?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

functions of skeletal muscle?

A
  • movement
  • posture
  • stabilize joints
  • control excretion and swallowing
  • produce heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how are connective tissue and muscle tissue combined in skeletal muscle tissue?

A

the connective tissue surrounds the muscle tissue and attaches the ends of each muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three layers of connective tissue that are apart of skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is epimysium

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is permysium?

A

layer of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibres (fascicle) within a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Endomysium?
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells (muscle fibre) within a muscle bundle
26
Six elements of a muscle cell
1) sarcolemma 2) nuclei 3) myofibril 4) myofilaments 5) sarcoplasmic reticulum 6) T-Tubules
27
SARCOLEMMA
- cell membrane surrounding muscle cell - different than endomysium - beneath the sarcolemma are the nuclei, myofibrils, and the sarcoplasm (cellular fluid)
28
NUCLEI
- skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated, meaning they have more than one nucleus - these nuclei are located towards the outside of the myofiber
29
MYOFIBRIL
- structural units of the muscle cell | - contain contractile myofilaments
30
MYOFILAMENTS
- contractile units of the muscle cell
31
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- surrounds each myofibril | - where the muscle stores calcium
32
T-TUBULES
extensions of the sarcolemma that surround the myofibrils and transmit nerve stimulation to the sarcoplasmic reticulum within the cell
33
Structual makeup of myofilaments
- myofilaments are organized into repeated structural units known as SARCOMERES - when shortened, sarcomeres cause contraction of the muscle - each unit consists of ACTIN (thin) and MYOSIN (thick)
34
what is sarcomere banding?
skeletal muscle has a striated appearance due to the arrangement of actin and myosin into organized sarcomeres that form distinct lines and bands
35
what are the four different sarcomere bands
A BAND Z LINE M LINE I BAND
36
which is darker, A band or I band?
A BAND
37
What are each of the Bands composed of?
A BAND = thick and thin filaments Z LINE = protein that makes "zig zag" line marking beginning and end of each sarcomere M LINE = composed of protein down the center of the sarcomere I BAND = thin filaments, transverses two sarcomeres
38
the process of muscle contraction
the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other, which shortens the sarcomere
39
the four muscles involved in facial expression
1. frontalis 2. orbicularis oculi 3. zygomaticus 4. orbicularis oris
40
what is the frontalis
the muscle that covers the frontal bone and lifts the eyebrows, causing forehead to wrinkle
41
what is the orbicularis oculi
muscle surrounding the eye that forcefully closes teh eye when contracted
42
what is the zygomaticus?
extends from the zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. makes you SMILE
43
what is the orbicularis oris?
surrounds the mouth, enable puckering of the lips
44
what is mastication?
chewing
45
what are the two muscles involved with mastication
1. temporalis | 2. masseter
46
what is the temporalis?
extends from the temporal fossa of the parietal bone to the coronoid process
47
what is the masseter
extends from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the jaw. protracts the jaw (forward/backward movement)
48
which muscle is responsible for extending the neck and turning the face slightly to the opposite side?
semispinalis capitis
49
what are the two posterior muscles in the head and neck?
1. semispinalis capitis | 2. splenius capitis
50
what is the sternocleidomastoid?
flexes the neck and rotates the head with bilateral and unilateral contraction, respectively
51
EXTERNAL THORAX
external intercostals are the most superficial, their fibres run anteriorly and inferiorly between the ribs. AID IN INSPIRATION
52
INTERNAL THORAX
lie deep to the externals, fibres run superiorly and anteriorly. AID IN EXPIRATION.
53
what muscle group helps to keep the spine erect? Where can they be found?
erector spinae. RUn down both sides of the spinal column
54
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
most superficial of the lateral abdominal wall musculature. Fibred run anteriorly and inferiorly
55
functions of the external oblique
bilateral - flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall. USED IN FORCED EXPIRATION unilateral - lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
56
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
lies deep to the external oblique, fibres run anteriorly and superiorly
57
functions of the internal oblique
bilateral - flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall. unilateral - lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
58
what is the transverse abdominus
runs horizontally, seep to the internal oblique
59
Functions of the transverse abdominus
bilateral - flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall. USED IN FORCED EXPIRATION unilateral - lateral flexion of the vertebral column
60
RECTUS ABDOMINUS
lies on either side of the linea alba (a line of connective tissue down the middle of the abdomen for muscle attachment) and is separated by tendinous intersections (8 PACK)
61
functions of rectus abdominus
flexion of trunk, forced expiration
ANAT100
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions