Monitoring

Question 1

Vad är NILS förnågot?

Answer 1

landskapsövervakning på nationell nivå

Question 2

Beskriv “the living planet index”

Answer 2

Describes trends in population sizes for different species

*bias - counts natural fluctuation as a decline in population sizes

Question 3

Describe “accidental” monitoring

Answer 3

Historical records, used today to allow us to get a picture how the landscape looked like before

Can be valuable, but also challenging:
- details of method unclear
- potential to describe “change” due to changes in method/location
- changes in species names etc

Question 4

Examples of how to detect change - measurements

Answer 4

• population size
• population spatial structure
• species diversity (richness/diversity)
• species heterogeneity (beta-diversity)

Question 5

describe species evenness

Answer 5

equitability/distribution of individuals

Question 6

describe species richness

Answer 6

number of species

Question 7

describe diversity indices

Answer 7

combines evenness & richness, ex simpsons (D = 1- n(n-1)/(N(N-1))

Question 8

what does beta diversity measure?

Answer 8

spatial heterogeneity, change in species composition from place to place
ex,
- all sites have the same species –> low b-diversity
- different sites have different species –> high b-diversity

Question 9

What are the 4 different sampling strategies?

Answer 9

• Slumpvis stickprovstagning
  not biased, need a large sample size to make sure its representative
• Stratifierad slumpvis stickprovstagning
  not biased, but need take count that your stratify might not be equally representative
• Systematiskt stickprovstagning
  easy to decide sampling location, not best choice if there are systematic patterns in the community/species you monitor
• Selektiv stickprovstagning
  efficient, defo biased