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Neuro I > Motor Control - Voluntary Control > Flashcards

Motor Control - Voluntary Control Flashcards

1
Q

name the several areas associates with the production of voluntary movement

A 
primary motor cortex
supplementary motor cortex
premotor cortez
prefrontal crotex
parietal cortex
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2
Q

reaching and grasping are

A

two different movements that require two different inds of visual information, which the brain handles differently

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3
Q

reaching - relation to visual inputs

A

higher processing of visual inputs
dorsal pathway from occipital cortex to the parietal?frontal cortex allows us to complete motor acts based on visual input

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4
Q

you need information about an object;s location in relation to your body in order to

A

reach effectively

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5
Q

from the visual cortex, information is relayed to what motor areas

A 
parietaly cortex, specifically 
V6A, 
PEC
MIP
and VIP
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6
Q

The end result of sending visual information to the parietal cortex

A

the VIP creates a rough map of the pace around you, including the object you’re reaching for

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7
Q

from the VIP information is sent where

A

f4 within the premotor cortex

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8
Q

the end result of sending visual information to f4 premotor

A

F4 creates a detailed map of the space around you,

neurons here are particularly excited by proximity

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9
Q

second pathway to use visual information and convert to motor - relies on the

A

superior parietal cortex

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10
Q

the superior parietal cortex receives

A

visual information about where your arm is in space, since that;s what;s moving

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11
Q

information about where your arm is in space is sent to

A

superior parietal cortex to F2 in the premotor cortex

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12
Q

end result of sending visual information to F2

A

F2 constructs a related map but it is of where your arm is in relationship to your body and the things around you

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13
Q

visual cues for grasping

A

dependant on the purpose of your action

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14
Q

anterior intraparietal area and PFG contain neurons that respond to seeing an object to grasp

A

visually dominant

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15
Q

anterior intraparietal area and PFG are parts of the

A

inferior parietal cortex

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16
Q

the anterior intraparietal area dn PFG also contains a set of neurons that are actie when grasping the object =

A

motor dominant

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17
Q

the anterior intraparietal area dn PFG also contains a set of neurons that are active that respond to seeing the object to grasp AND when grasping

A

visuomotor neurons

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18
Q

anterior intraparietal area and pfg relay enformation to

A

F5

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19
Q

F5 neurons fire with the ____ not the ___

A

goal (purpose)
motor act

so the f5 neurons are likely active in two setting where the goal is the same, even if the motor action is very different.

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20
Q

Neural components for reaching for an object - summary

A

need visual map of object in relation to you
primary visual cortex (via dorsal pathway)–>VIP creates map–> relays to F4, which creates a detailed map

parallel pathway creates a map of where your ARM is in relation to you, using superior parietal cortex–> F2

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21
Q

Neural components for grasp - summary

A

areas of the inferior parietal cortex realty information to F5–> f5 condos the GOAL of the action

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22
Q

Grasping inputs and reching inputs are then sent on to be turned into

A

motion

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23
Q

receives the sensory information required to move (particularly f4 and f5 - the ventral parts)

A

premotor cortex

24
Q

dorsal part applies the rules that determine whether it is appropriate to move

A

premotor cortex

25
Q

identifies the intent of motion and decides what motion to produce

A

premotor cortex

26
Q

supplementary cortex divisions (2)

A

supplementary motor area=SMA= postural control

presupplementary area =preSMA=plans the motor program, required to make the action occur

27
Q

organizes motor sequences

A

supplementary motor cortex

28
Q

acquire motor skills

A

supplementary motor cortex

29
Q

executive control (particularly the decision to switch actions /strategies)

A

supplementary cortex

30
Q

primary motor cortex - description

A

precentral gyrus
controls specific movements
regions of the body that do fine motions have proportionally high representation
arranged in columns

31
Q

primary motor cortex stimulation of neurons

A

stimulation of any gien column produces a specific movement

if we are in an area that controls a more general motion, simulation may produce contraction of a GROUP of muscles

32
Q

primary motor cortex - layer 4 receives

A

sensory input (mm and joint proprioceptors, among others)

33
Q

primary motor cortex - layer 5

A

output for corticospinal (pyramidal ) pathway

34
Q

primary motor cortex - two sets of neurons in each column

A

one to start the motion

one to maintain it as long as necessary

35
Q

primary motor cortex - neighboring columns control

A

related motions, not neighboring muscles

36
Q

primary motor cortex - two KINDS of columns

A

on/off for agonist m

off/on for antagonist muscle

37
Q

each individual motion required to grab and object war coded for by

A

a column in the primary motor cortex

38
Q

premotor cortex

A

determine whether it is okay to move

identifies the goal and the motion required to meet that goal

39
Q

supplementary motor cortex

A

postural controls
identifies specific motor sequins required
changes tactics if necessary
p

40
Q

primary motor cortex

A

codes the individual motions required to reach goal

41
Q

in addition to the cerebral cortex, what brain structure is also important for reaching for an object

A

cerebellum

42
Q

Role of the cerebellem

A

sequence complex actions
correct force/direction
balance and eye movements
learning complex actions

43
Q

spinocerebellum - central

A

postural control

44
Q

spinocerebellum - either side of the vermis

A

force and direction

45
Q

cerebrocerebellem (lateral regions)

A

plan complex motions

sequence

46
Q

vestbulocerebellem

A

balance/eyemovements

future not current

47
Q

outputs from the cerebellum are via the

A

deep cerebellar nuclei

48
Q

the deep cerebellar nuclei include

A

dentate nucleus
fastigial nucleus
interpositus (globose, emoliformis)

49
Q

cells leaving the deep nuclei are generally

A

excitatory to contration

50
Q

vermis (spinocerebellum) inputs

A

vestibular
visual and auditory
efferent copy (what brain sends to muscle)

51
Q

vermis (spinocerebellum) outputs

A

interpositius n
fstigial n
to rubrospinal tract

52
Q

spinocerebellum (lateral parts) inputs

A 
muscle afferent
efferent copy (what brain sends to muscle)
53
Q

spinocerebellum (lateral parts) outputs

A

interpositis nucleus

rubrospinal tract

54
Q

cerebrocerebellum inputs

A

cerebral cortex (all)

55
Q

cerebrocerebellum outputs

A

dentate

back to cortex

56
Q

vestibulocerebellum - inputs

A

vestibular apparatus (direct or indirect)

57
Q

vestibulocerebellum - output

A

fastcial nucleus
vestibular nuclei
ascend or descend

Neuro I (30 decks)

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