Normal behaviour and emotional development in children

Question 1

What is childhood

Answer 1

• period from birth to either adolescence or adulthood

- A period of intense change and development

Question 2

what is childhood separated into

Answer 2

• Newborn - first month
• Infancy - first year
• Toddler/early childhood - pre school
• Middle childhood – school age to puberty
• Adolscnece – puberty to adulthood

Question 3

what is normal development

Answer 3

• Emotional
• Social
• Physical
• Cognitive
• Speech and language

Question 4

how do we identify problems

Answer 4

• Parent concerns or worries
• Childhood surveillance programme
• Healthcare professionals; midwives, health visitors, doctors
• Picked up at nursery or school by teachers
• Other professionals – social workers, educational psychologists etc

Question 5

describe the healthy child programme

Answer 5

• Series of visits where problems are picked up
• 12th week of pregnancy
• The neonatal examination – done in a hospital, hearing exam is also done at this point
• New baby review around 14 days old – heel prick test
• 6-8 weeks examination – cardiovascular system, checking hips and to see if testes has descended, post natal depression and baby blues
• 1 year old
• Between 2 and 2 1/2 years old – usually done by a health visitor

Question 6

what is attachment theory

Answer 6

• John Bowlby
• Humans are born with an innate need to attach to a primary attachment figure
• They display behaviours – crying, smiling, vocalisation, to ensure proximity to their caregiver
• Harlow provided proof with monkeys

Question 7

what happens if there are too many attachments

Answer 7

• then you cannot develop your attachment properly

Question 8

what is the gross motor, vision and fine motor, hearing speech and language, and social emotional and behavioural milestones in

• newborn
• 7 months
• 1 year
• 18 months
• 2 and 1/2 years

Answer 8

Newborn

• flexed posture
• fixes and follows face
• stills to voice, startles to loud sound
• smiles at 6 weeks

7 months

• sits without support,
• transfers objects from hand to hand
• turns to voice, polysyllabic babble
• finger feeds, fears strangers

1 year

• stands independently
• inner grip at 10 months, points
• 1-2 words, understands name
• drinks from cup, waves

18 monts

• walks independently
• immature grip of pencil, random scribble
• 6-10 words, points to 4 body parts
• feeds himself with spoon, beginning to help with dressing

2 and 1/2 years

• runs and jumps
• draws
• 3-4 word sentences, understands 2 joined commands
• parallel play, clean and dry

Question 9

describe the development of growth motor skills

Answer 9

• head control is 4 months
• sits unsupported at 9 months
• stands independently 12 months
• walks independently at 18 months

Question 10

what is the fine motor skills development

Answer 10

• fixes and follows visually at 3 months
• reaches for objects at 6 months
• transfers at 8 months
• pincer grip at 12 months

Question 11

what is the hearing, speech and language development

Answer 11

• polysyllabic babble - 7 months
• consonant babble - 10 months
• saying 6 words with meaning 18 months
• joins words 2 years
• 3 word sentences 2-5 years

Question 12

what does social, emotional, behaviour mean

Answer 12

• smiles - 8 weeks
• fear of strangers - 10 months
• feeds self- 18 months
• symbolic play - 2 - 2.5 years
• interactive play - 3-3.5 years

Question 13

what is the problem in infancy and under 5s

Answer 13

• Apetitie and eating problems
• Sleep disturbance
• Temperament
• Developmental delay
• Attachment problem
• Physical illness
• Failure to thrive

Question 14

developmental delay …

Answer 14

ay be the first presentation of various illness

Question 15

what are the 2 types of developmental delay

Answer 15

• global - slow acquisition of all skills

- specific - slow acquisition in one particular field or area

Question 16

what are the types of developmental delay

Answer 16

• slow
• plateau
• regression

Question 17

name some causes of developmental delay

Answer 17

• genetic disorders

prenatal

• congenital infections
• birth trauma
• intracranial haemorrhage
• prematurity

post natal

• infection
• cranial turmaa

environmental

• poor nutrition
• family stress
• child abuse or neglect

Question 18

describe some types of neurodevelopment disorder

Answer 18

• Attention deficit hyperativeity disorder ADHD – problems with attention, they will go in draws, handbags nad play with stuff, - usally picked up before the age of 5 but when they go to school it will become known
• Autisitic spectrum diorders ASD- prelevance over 1% - problems of communciaiton, problems with reciprocal social interactions, steryotype interests, struggle to make new friends
• Tic disorders including tourettes syndrome

Question 19

describe intellectual disability IQ levels

Answer 19

• Mild 70-90
• moderate 50-70
• severe 20-50
• profound IQ is less than 20

Question 20

what are some specific developmental problems

Answer 20

• speech and language delay
• scholastic skills - such as reading delay, dyscalculia
• motor function - dyspraxia

Question 21

what are the types of abuse

Answer 21

• neglect
• physical
• sexual
• online and cyberbullying
• bulling
• emotional

Question 22

what is the golden triangle

Answer 22

• parental mental health
• domestic violence
• substance misuse

Question 23

what can stress during pregnancy lead to

Answer 23

• epigenetic
• lead to certain behaviour outcomes
• different interaction between mother and child
• change in size of the hippocampus